十二 定语从句
语法精讲 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句
的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。
注意：1. 关系代词在从句中做主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。
2. 关系代词who, which, that 在限定性定语从句中做动词宾语或介词宾语，而该介词又位于从句末尾时，经常省略，但 as一般不省
that既可指人，又可指物，在定语从句中可做主语，宾语（可省略） This is the first sum of money (that) the children’s family has received. This is not the only apple that has rotten away. Who that knows him would believe him? He’s changed. He’s not the man that he was.
I’ll never forget the day that/which we spent together in the countryside. 下列情况下，往往在下面几种情况下只用that引导定语从句：
A. 先行词是不定代词：all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。例如：
All that we have to do is to practise every day. B. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。例如：
The first lesson that l learned will never be forgotten.
C. 先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some修饰时。例如：
l have read all the books (that) you gave me.
D. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。例如：
He is the only person that l want to talk to. E. 先行词既有人又有物时。例如：
They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
F. 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句应用that, 以免与先行词重复。Who is the
boy that was here just now?
Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?
Which指物，在定语从句中做主语，宾语，定语 This is the house (that/which) he visited last year
He paid the boy ten dollars for washing ten windows, most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.
Carol said the work could be done by October, which personally I doubt very much. Is this the museum which we visited last year?
The science of medicine, in which progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.
Is this the house which the great musician was born in? She likes to use words of which the meanings are clear to him.
The stories about this secret person,of which this is one example, are widely spread among people.
Whose 引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语; 其先行词不仅可指人，还物; Whose 在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可做介词宾语，还可以与介词放在先行词与从句之间; whose 的先行词指物时，可用 of which 代替 whose，但词序不同，即 whose+名词 =the +名词 +of which 例如： That’s the child whose drawing we looked at just now. It was a meeting whose importance I didn’t realize at the time. I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.
The boss in whose department Mr. King worked had heard about the accident. Tom, on whose bike I went to school is a friend of mine.
The novel whose title is Red and Black is very interesting (=the title of which) He lives in the room whose window faces south(=the window of which)
as such…as the same …as 注意与such…that 引导结果状语从句的区别
关系代词which和as在定语从句中的区别是：which不能放句首，而as则可以；在句中时，as有“正如”、“就象”之意，而 which则没有。
As has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.(2003 上春) She is such a good teacher as we all love and respect. She is a good teacher that/who we all love and respect. She is such a good teacher that we all love and respect her.
Such workers as attended the conference had to pay their own expenses. Shakespear wrote such plays as could only have been the work of a genius. I like the same book as you do. as做宾语 I shall do it in the same way as you did. as做状语 I want to have such a dictionary as he has. as做宾语 As we all know, he studies very hard. as做宾语 As is known to all, he is the best student in out class.
常用的这种类似插入语的句式有as is said above, as is known to all, as it is 等。 The way that/ in which/不用任何引导词
Do you like the way he speaks to you?
We don’t like the way in which he talked to his mother. The reason why/that/for which
I know the reason why he came late.
--- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. ----Is that the reason why you had a few days off? 关系副词when, where引导定语从句 This is the place where we lived for 5 years. I will never forget the day when I met the actor. This is the house where he lived last year.
We are living in an age when many things are done on a computer.
Gone are the days when the working people suffered from cold and hunger. 注意：1. 定语从句与强调句型的区别
It was the street where the accident occurred. It was in the street that the accident occurred 2. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别：
1． 从意义上：同位语从句对名词或补充说明或进行解释，而定语从句进行修饰、限定，相当于一个形容
词的作用。
2． 从结构上： 同位语从句由连接代词/副词引导，最常用的连接词that一般不省略，也不在从句中担任
成分，而定语从句由关系代词/副词引导，that在定语从句中做主语不能省略，做宾语可省略。 3． 从含义上：同位语从句与所说明、解释的句词无逻辑关系，而定语从句所修饰的句词是该从句逻辑上
的主、宾、表、定、状语等。例如
A. The news that they had won the game arrived soon. （同位语从句。 The news和 that they had won the
game无逻辑关系）
B. The news that you told me yesterday is true. (定语从句the news在定语从句中相当于 told 的逻辑宾
语)
4． 同位语从句说明、解释的句词有所限制，大多是一些表示抽象概念的名，而定语从句所修饰、限定的
先行词无限制，既可指人、又可指物。
语法精练：
1. Alec asked the policeman ____ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom 2．The gentleman _____ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom
3. I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmer, _____ has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. when; who D. which; that 4. Can you think out a situation _____ this idiom can be used? A. which B. that C. where D. with which
5. My glass, _____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. A. which B. with which C. without D. without which
6. I was so eager to leave that when I stood in the hall, ready to leave, I didn’t even think of saying good-bye to
the friends _____ I had eaten and slept for so many weeks.
A. by whom B. of whom C. with whom D. with which 7. This is the very building _____ I’ve been looking for the whole morning. A. which B. that C. where D. in which
8. The time ___ I spend on maths is much more than on English. A. that B. when C. at which D. during which
9. Mr. Green drove slowly on the way home until he reached the high way, ____the speed limit was 60 miles
per hour.
A. because B. which C. where D. that