Building industry opens up new world of entrepreneurial struggle to build a three provinces of regional central cities--in the Communist x counties the six plenary session members and comrades: today, I was commissioned by the County party Committee Standing Committee, reports to the General Assembly. Consideration of all members and alternates, and comrades attending advice. A, and this year yilai of work recalled this year yilai, in municipal of right led Xia, County solidarity led County people, to science development views for guide, to good activities for mainline, according to \city four modernizations three more\opment thought, concentrated poly force, work hard, political, and economic, and culture, and social and party of construction are made has new progress, County rendering out wind fresh are, and career prosperity, and social settled, and people mind into of good situation. (A) facilitating the construction of the project. Firmly establish the \oject is economic, grasping development project is to hold\osophy, to extraordinary efforts to promoting the construction of key projects. Plot 108 key projects for the year, with a total investment of 29.3 billion yuan, iron plate, Josh stone cement waste heat power generation and 13 projects completed, worship of 1.2 million tons of pellets, Hua Yu 80,000 sets of grandparent chicken farming, 47 projects under construction, completed investment of 3.95 billion yuan, annual plan of 69.3%. The first half of the County's gross domestic product is expected to reached 8.5 billion yuan, and total revenue of 943 million Yuan. (B) structural adjustment achieved remarkable results. Actively transforming the pattern of economic development, industrial ecology, and agricultural modernization and industrialization of services. High x-County • Tin iron circular economy demonstration area, and further expand economic development zone Jing Dian recycle economy ecology industry Park, Park, circular economy and rapid economic development. Focus more on the dialectical relationship between development and environmental protection, energy saving and emission reduction projects play an important role. Vigorously developing agriculture, ecological agriculture, agriculture, modern agricultural clearing along the River Promenade begins to take shape. Key tourism projects is going well, WA Palace area was named \nfluential cultural relics in Hebei province landscape\elop new services, and services with new developments. (C) urban-rural integration process. Promoting \e-year difference\battle of two large demolition completed 32 days of 530,000 square meters, exceeded the annual Task 7 months in advance. General big building jiangjun road, bridge and highway bridges, the green heart of the city and other urban construction projects, and focus on building new countryside and new housing model villages, urban and rural areas improve. Highway opened to traffic, Liu Zhang, Qing LAN high-speed x-County section completed by the end of August. Urban and rural 自考“资产评估”计算题（带答案）
一、核心考点之一——机器设备评估的成本法
资产评估的成本法在机器设备的评估中表现的最完整，也最有代表性。因此每年考试的第一个计算题目几乎都是考核机器设备评估的成本法。对机器设备评估运用成本法的考核，重点在于重置成本、成新率、实体性贬值、功能性贬值的估算。
重置成本的估算一般都是考核物价指数法，如果机器设备不同组成部分的物价变动不一致，应该区分不同组成部分运用不同的物价指数。如果重置成本估算的考核想考出新意，则完全可以与进口设备从属费用的估算结合起来。成新率的考核一般都是年限法，年限法比较容易错误的是有关实际已使用年限的计算，可能还会考核加权平均已使用年限的计算。实体性贬值往往和成新率的考核融合在一起，而功能性贬值的估算几乎就没有离开过净超额运营成本折现法的框架。
成本法、市场法
二、核心考点之二——房地产评估的市场法
市场法评估包括直接评估和间接调整两种方式。对于市场上能够找到与被估资产完全相同的参照物，可直接将其市价作为评估值。但是，更多情况是只能找到类似参照物的价格，需要比较与被评估资产的差异，间接调整确定被估资产价值。调整因素主要包括时间因素、地域因素和功能因素和个别因素。运用市场法进行资产评估的核心考点在于修正系数（调整系数）的计算，不管题目条件如何给取，修正系数都应该按照下列基本公式进行计算：
修正系数=评估对象对应的指标值÷参照物对应的指标值
分子分母千万不可颠倒，而且不一定求取修正系数时非要把分母作为100.如果一个题目中涉及诸多修正系数，那么各个修正系数之间是连续相乘的关系。
土地使用权评估：市场法、收益法、成本法、假设开发法 建筑物评估：成本法、市场法、残余估价法（收益法）
三、核心考点之三——无形资产评估的收益法
收益法是指通过估算被评估资产未来预期收益，再将其折算成现值，来确定被评估资产价值的一种资产评估方法。收益法的应用过程，实际上就是对被评估资产未来预期收益进行折现或本金化的过程。在考核无形资产评估的收益法时，一定要注意折现的对象是无形资产在评估基准日以后的预期收益，而不是评估基准日以前的历史收益。
收益法、成本法
专利权、专有技术、商标权、计算机软件、商誉评估
四、核心考点之四——企业整体资产评估的收益法
企业整体资产评估的收益法的基本计算思路与无形资产评估的收益法保持一致，但是考核企业整体资产评估的收益法时，命题者更加侧重于收益折现的分段法和年金资本化法。运用分段法时一定要注意，前若干年的收益采取逐年折现的思路，从第某年开始的年金收益按照财务管理或者管理会计中学习过的延期年金，按照二次折现的思路计算。所谓二次折现的思路就是第一次按照普通年金折现，第二次按照复利现值系数折现。
收益法、因素分析法
evelopment work steadily in the pilot counties, to build peace neighborhood offices approved, %urban and rural communities (Center), immigrant communities, pilot projects such as integrated management of urban and rural sanitation in order. (D) maintain social harmony and stability. In the case of tight financial situation, continue to increase the input of people, happy people battle. Urban central heating and upgrade rural power grids, rural reconstruction of shabby housing ten major projects being delivered, has been overfulfilled ahead. Strengthening of social programs, college entrance examination to record heights; new rural insurance coverage rate of the city's first, launched in new rural cooperative medical clinic co-ordination; ... Perfect Park catering, accommodation, education, recreation and other tertiary industries supporting, improving socialization service level, for industries, businesses and create a good environment for development. 3, flexible investment, enhance the industry. Construction of industrial parks, just set up a platform for the development of only attract more projects into the district, to form agglomeration advantages. A innovation project. To be purposeful, targeted investment, will have a basis of the County's industrial packaged bundles, overall publicity and promotion. Initiative going, please come in and carry out all-round, multi-level and wide-range of investment activities. The Township industrial projects, in principle, to put to the West industrial parks. What town project, is that the output value of the Township. Second, we must grasp the standards selected items. Full account of extend the industry chain and the integration of factors of production, not only efforts to introduce a number of scientific and technological content and high added value, growth and strong driving force of large projects and large enterprises, but also on domestic-funded enterprises and in accordance with the direction of industrial development of small and medium projects, project man, small project overwhelming. Meet the area of the County's new industrial projects and city back into rural enterprises, in principle, all stationed in industrial parks. Meanwhile, strict control of excess capacity and high energy consumption, high emission enterprises to enter. Thirdly, increased incentives on the project. Investment of the whole society, the ownship and County units go out and draft project. To establish investment incentives for successful introduction of significant project gives awards to units and individuals, the introduction of tax for the implementation of the project, to introduce organization into rewards. 4, preferential policies, and security industries. In terms of project examination and approval, by areAdministrative Committee in conjunction with the development, planning, land, industry and commerce, quality control and other departments, \-stop reception, one-stop service\plified procedures, the time limit originally. In the management of EIA in accordance with theBuilding industry opens up new world of entrepreneurial struggle to build a three provinces of regional central cities--in the Communist x counties the six plenary session members and comrades: today, I was commissioned by the County party Committee Standing Committee, reports to the General Assembly. Consideration of all members and alternates, and comrades attending advice. A, and this year yilai of work recalled this year yilai, in municipal of right led Xia, County solidarity led County people, to science development views for guide, to good activities for mainline, according to \city four modernizations three more\opment thought, concentrated poly force, work hard, political, and economic, and culture, and social and party of construction are made has new progress, County rendering out wind fresh are, and career prosperity, and social settled, and people mind into of good situation. (A) facilitating the construction of the project. Firmly establish the \oject is economic, grasping development project is to hold\osophy, to extraordinary efforts to promoting the construction of key projects. Plot 108 key projects for the year, with a total investment of 29.3 billion yuan, iron plate, Josh stone cement waste heat power generation and 13 projects completed, worship of 1.2 million tons of pellets, Hua Yu 80,000 sets of grandparent chicken farming, 47 projects under construction, completed investment of 3.95 billion yuan, annual plan of 69.3%. The first half of the County's gross domestic product is expected to reached 8.5 billion yuan, and total revenue of 943 million Yuan. (B) structural adjustment achieved remarkable results. Actively transforming the pattern of economic development, industrial ecology, and agricultural modernization and industrialization of services. High x-County • Tin iron circular economy demonstration area, and further expand economic development zone Jing Dian recycle economy ecology industry Park, Park, circular economy and rapid economic development. Focus more on the dialectical relationship between development and environmental protection, energy saving and emission reduction projects play an important role. Vigorously developing agriculture, ecological agriculture, agriculture, modern agricultural clearing along the River Promenade begins to take shape. Key tourism projects is going well, WA Palace area was named \nfluential cultural relics in Hebei province landscape\elop new services, and services with new developments. (C) urban-rural integration process. Promoting \e-year difference\battle of two large demolition completed 32 days of 530,000 square meters, exceeded the annual Task 7 months in advance. General big building jiangjun road, bridge and highway bridges, the green heart of the city and other urban construction projects, and focus on building new countryside and new housing model villages, urban and rural areas improve. Highway opened to traffic, Liu Zhang, Qing LAN high-speed x-County section completed by the end of August. Urban and rural
一、核心考点之一——机器设备评估的成本法
资产评估的成本法在机器设备的评估中表现的最完整，也最有代表性。因此每年考试的第一个计算题目几乎都是考核机器设备评估的成本法。对机器设备评估运用成本法的考核，重点在于重置成本、成新率、实体性贬值、功能性贬值的估算。
重置成本的估算一般都是考核物价指数法，如果机器设备不同组成部分的物价变动不一致，应该区分不同组成部分运用不同的物价指数。如果重置成本估算的考核想考出新意，则完全可以与进口设备从属费用的估算结合起来。成新率的考核一般都是年限法，年限法比较容易错误的是有关实际已使用年限的计算，可能还会考核加权平均已使用年限的计算。实体性贬值往往和成新率的考核融合在一起，而功能性贬值的估算几乎就没有离开过净超额运营成本折现法的框架。
例题1：2011年4月
40、被评估设备是于2004年1月1日进口的大型设备，账面原值为人民币2219.38万元，其中以美元支付的设备购置款(离岸价)折合人民币1500万元，境外运输及保险费占离岸价的1.5％，设备进口时的关税税率为17％，增值税率为17％，银行手续费为到岸价的1％，国内运杂费为人民币20万元，安装及配套费用共计人民币100万元，进口时美元与人民币的汇率为1∶8.2，评估基准日为2008年1月1日。
评估人员在评估中了解到，设备生产国同类设备在4年中价格上升了5％，境外运输及保险费仍为离岸价的1.5％，评估基准日该设备的进口关税税率下降至10％，增值税率仍为17％，银行手续费率也未发生变化。对国内调查得知，4年中各种费用物价指数均发生了较大变化，其中安装配套费用2004年1月1日的定基物价指数为108％，2008年1月1目的定基物价指数为116％，运杂费用价格指数自2004年起均在上一年的基础上递增1％。经对设备情况调查鉴定得知，该设备与现有同类新设备相比，每年增加运营成本20万元，今后该设备若保持100％的利用率，则尚可使用12年。评估基准日美元对人民币的汇率为1∶7，企业所在行业的正常投资回报率为10％，企业所得税率为25％。 要求：(1)计算该设备的重置成本； (2)计算该设备的评估值。
(计算结果以“万元\为单位，保留两位小数) 解答：
(1)、?1500?1）设备到岸价（CIF）???（1?5%）?(1?1.5%)??7?1,364.68万元?8.2?2）设备关税完税价?1,364.68万元进口关税额?1,364.68?10%?136.47万元3）进口增值税额?（1,364.68?136.47）?17%?255.2万元4）银行手续费额?CIF?1%?13.65万元45）国内运费?20?（1?1%）?20.81万元116%?107.41万元108%设备重置成本?设备到岸价?进口关税额?进口增值税额?银行手续费额?国内运费?安装费用?1，898.21万元6）安装费用?100?（2）设备的评估值?重置成本?实体性贬值?功能性贬值?经济性贬值1)实体性贬值?1，898.21?4?474.55万元4?12?121?（1?10%）2）功能性贬值?20?（1?25%）??102.21万元10%3）经济性贬值?0设备的评估值?1，898.21-474.55-102.21?1，321.45万元
evelopment work steadily in the pilot counties, to build peace neighborhood offices approved, %urban and rural communities (Center), immigrant communities, pilot projects such as integrated management of urban and rural sanitation in order. (D) maintain social harmony and stability. In the case of tight financial situation, continue to increase the input of people, happy people battle. Urban central heating and upgrade rural power grids, rural reconstruction of shabby housing ten major projects being delivered, has been overfulfilled ahead. Strengthening of social programs, college entrance examination to record heights; new rural insurance coverage rate of the city's first, launched in new rural cooperative medical clinic co-ordination; ... Perfect Park catering, accommodation, education, recreation and other tertiary industries supporting, improving socialization service level, for industries, businesses and create a good environment for development. 3, flexible investment, enhance the industry. Construction of industrial parks, just set up a platform for the development of only attract more projects into the district, to form agglomeration advantages. A innovation project. To be purposeful, targeted investment, will have a basis of the County's industrial packaged bundles, overall publicity and promotion. Initiative going, please come in and carry out all-round, multi-level and wide-range of investment activities. The Township industrial projects, in principle, to put to the West industrial parks. What town project, is that the output value of the Township. Second, we must grasp the standards selected items. Full account of extend the industry chain and the integration of factors of production, not only efforts to introduce a number of scientific and technological content and high added value, growth and strong driving force of large projects and large enterprises, but also on domestic-funded enterprises and in accordance with the direction of industrial development of small and medium projects, project man, small project overwhelming. Meet the area of the County's new industrial projects and city back into rural enterprises, in principle, all stationed in industrial parks. Meanwhile, strict control of excess capacity and high energy consumption, high emission enterprises to enter. Thirdly, increased incentives on the project. Investment of the whole society, the ownship and County units go out and draft project. To establish investment incentives for successful introduction of significant project gives awards to units and individuals, the introduction of tax for the implementation of the project, to introduce organization into rewards. 4, preferential policies, and security industries. In terms of project examination and approval, by areAdministrative Committee in conjunction with the development, planning, land, industry and commerce, quality control and other departments, \-stop reception, one-stop service\plified procedures, the time limit originally. In the management of EIA in accordance with theBuilding industry opens up new world of entrepreneurial struggle to build a three provinces of regional central cities--in the Communist x counties the six plenary session members and comrades: today, I was commissioned by the County party Committee Standing Committee, reports to the General Assembly. Consideration of all members and alternates, and comrades attending advice. A, and this year yilai of work recalled this year yilai, in municipal of right led Xia, County solidarity led County people, to science development views for guide, to good activities for mainline, according to \city four modernizations three more\opment thought, concentrated poly force, work hard, political, and economic, and culture, and social and party of construction are made has new progress, County rendering out wind fresh are, and career prosperity, and social settled, and people mind into of good situation. (A) facilitating the construction of the project. Firmly establish the \oject is economic, grasping development project is to hold\osophy, to extraordinary efforts to promoting the construction of key projects. Plot 108 key projects for the year, with a total investment of 29.3 billion yuan, iron plate, Josh stone cement waste heat power generation and 13 projects completed, worship of 1.2 million tons of pellets, Hua Yu 80,000 sets of grandparent chicken farming, 47 projects under construction, completed investment of 3.95 billion yuan, annual plan of 69.3%. The first half of the County's gross domestic product is expected to reached 8.5 billion yuan, and total revenue of 943 million Yuan. (B) structural adjustment achieved remarkable results. Actively transforming the pattern of economic development, industrial ecology, and agricultural modernization and industrialization of services. High x-County • Tin iron circular economy demonstration area, and further expand economic development zone Jing Dian recycle economy ecology industry Park, Park, circular economy and rapid economic development. Focus more on the dialectical relationship between development and environmental protection, energy saving and emission reduction projects play an important role. Vigorously developing agriculture, ecological agriculture, agriculture, modern agricultural clearing along the River Promenade begins to take shape. Key tourism projects is going well, WA Palace area was named \nfluential cultural relics in Hebei province landscape\elop new services, and services with new developments. (C) urban-rural integration process. Promoting \e-year difference\battle of two large demolition completed 32 days of 530,000 square meters, exceeded the annual Tsk 7 months in advance. General big building jiangjun road, bridge and highway bridges, the green heart of the city and other urban construction projects, and focus on building new countryside and new housing model villages, urban and rural areas improve. Highway opened to traffic, Liu Zhang, Qing LAN high-speed x-County section completed by the end of August. Urban and rural
例题2：2010年4月
40.被评估设备购置于1998年4月，购置价为200万元，在不停产的情况下，于2000年4月对该设备做了一定的技术改造，投资15万元给设备增添了一个深加工配套装置。2008年4月进行评估，2008年4月该设备由于操作上的原因设备传动齿轮严重受损，经有关技术人员检测，认定该设备更换传动齿轮后仍能继续使用10年，损坏的传动齿轮的价值约占设备重置成本的2%，传动齿轮的现行购买价格为5万元，调换费用（包括因调换而造成的停产损失）约2万元。评估人员经调查得知该类设备1998年的定基物价指数为106%，2000年的定基物价指数为108%，2008年的定基物价指数为118%。 要求：（1）计算被评估设备的重置成本；
（2）计算该设备的有形损耗（或成新率）及评估值。（计算结果以“万元”为单位，保留两位小数）
分析：根据题中条件可以判断要求采用成新率法进行机器设备的价值评估： 第一步是确定重置成本（价格指数法）。 第二步确定成新率（贬值率）
对于机器设备在使用过程中经过了大修理或更新改造，由此延长了其使用寿命，或减少了其实际已使用年限，这时，可以通过估算加权投资年限替代为实际已使用年限。
加权投资年限（实际已使用年限）＝∑（加权更新成本）÷∑（更新成本） 加权投资年限＝∑各部分的投资年限×各部分重置成本所占的比重 加权更新成本＝已使用年限×更新成本 参考答案：
（1）确定重置成本：
（2）确定加权投资年限： 第一次投资重置成本：200×118%/106%＝222.64，已使用10年 第一次更新投资成本：15×118%/108%＝16.39，已使用8年 加权投资年限＝（222.64×10＋16.39×8）÷239.03＝2357.52÷239.03＝9.86（年） 第一次更新后设备评估值＝239.03×（1－2%）×9.86/（9.86＋10）＝116.30 （3）第二次更新投资后的确定贬值率：
第二次投资更新成本：2＋5＝7，由于第二次更新投资时正是评估基准日，因此： 综合贬值率＝（116.30＋7）/239.03＝51.58% （4）确定最终评估值：评估值＝239.03×（1－51.58%）＝115.74（万元）
例题3：2009年4月
45.评估人员对B公司一条生产线的续用价值进行评估时，对经济性贬值的相关因素进行了调查、了解。具体情况如下： （1）该生产线的年生产能力为1000吨；规模经济效益指数为0.6； （2）企业正常投资报酬率为10%；适用的所得税率为25%。
（3）评估时，正值国家实施宏观调控政策，对企业生产经营造成影响，使得该生产线生产的产品：若不降价，则年产量会减至800吨；若每吨降价100元，则可保持正常的年生产能力。估计调控政策对企业的影响会持续3年。 要求：请帮助评估人员计算
（1）该生产线的经济性贬值率；
（2）该生产线的经济性贬值额。（计算结果以元为单位，取整数） 分析：
根据题中条件可以判断是采用规模经济效益指数法计算经济性贬值率计算。 经济性贬值额=年收益净损失额×（P/A，r，n）（3分）
evelopment work steadily in the pilot counties, to build peace neighborhood offices approved, %urban and rural communities (Center), immigrant communities, pilot projects such as integrated management of urban and rural sanitation in order. (D) maintain social harmony and stability. In the case of tight financial situation, continue to increase the input of people, happy people battle. Urban central heating and upgrade rural power grids, rural reconstruction of shabby housing ten major projects being delivered, has been overfulfilled ahead. Strengthening of social programs, college entrance examination to record heights; new rural insurance coverage rate of the city's first, launched in new rural cooperative medical clinic co-ordination; ... Perfect Park catering, accommodation, education, recreation and other tertiary industries supporting, improving socialization service level, for industries, businesses and create a good environment for development. 3, flexible investment, enhance the industry. Construction of industrial parks, just set up a platform for the development of only attract more projects into the district, to form agglomeration advantages. A innovation project. To be purposeful, targeted investment, will have a basis of the County's industrial packaged bundles, overall publicity and promotion. Initiative going, please come in and carry out all-round, multi-level and wide-range of investment activities. The Township industrial projects, in principle, to put to the West industrial parks. What town project, is that the output value of the Township. Second, we must grasp the standards selected items. Full account of extend the industry chain and the integration of factors of production, not only efforts to introduce a number of scientific and technological content and high added value, growth nd strong driving force of large projects and large enterprises, but also on domestic-funded enterprises and in accordance with the direction of industrial development of small and medium projects, project man, small project overwhelming. Meet the area of the County's new industrial projects and city back into rural enterprises, in principle, all stationed in industrial parks. Meanwhile, strict control of excess capacity and high energy consumption, high emission enterprises to enter. Thirdly, increased incentives on the project. Investment of the whole society, the ownship and County units go out and draft project. To establish investment incentives for successful introduction of significant project gives awards to units and individuals, the introduction of tax for the implementation of the project, to introduce organization into rewards. 4, preferential policies, and security industries. In terms of project examination and approval, by areAdministrative Committee in conjunction with the development, planning, land, industry and commerce, quality control and other departments, \-stop reception, one-stop service\plified procedures, the time limit originally. In the management of EIA in accordance with the