Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时16′)
A
[2016·山东师大附中模拟]“IndeedW1，” George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.” But the father of America was not the father of bug. When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referringtoP1 insects as bugs for more than a century，and Americans had already created lightning-bug (萤火虫). But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
TheAmericanbugcouldalsobeaperson,
referringtosomeonewhowascrazyaboutaparticularactivity.S Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, andthelikeP2.
Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug－shaped car. The bug could also be a burglarW2 alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install (安装) an alarm”. Now it means a small piece of equipmentW3 that people use for listening secretly to others' conversation. Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant “to cheat”， and since the 1940s it has been annoying.
We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer programW4 or another design. That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcomeW5 in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering ‘a bug’ in his invented record player.”
本文讲述的是“bug”这一单词，词义的演变过程，以及与该词义演变相关的史料。 1．We learn from Paragraph 1 that ________.
A．Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug B．George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug
C．the word bug was still popularly used in English in the nineteenth century D．both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第一段中讲述的与bug相关的史料可以发现，无论美国还是英国均使用bug这一词。
2．What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Explanation. B．Finding. C．Origin. D．Fault.
答案：D 词义猜测题。根据第四段中“In 1878 he explained bugs as ‘little problems and difficulties’．..”可知。
3．The passage is mainly concerned with ________. A．the misunderstanding of the word bug B．the development of the word bug C．the public views of the word bug D．the special characteristics of the word bug
答案：B 主旨大意题。根据文章每段讲述的话题均与“bug”相关，可以总结本文的主旨应与“bug”词义的演变过程相关。
W重点词汇
1．indeed adv. 的确；确实 2.burglar n. 窃贼；盗窃 3．equipment n. 设备；装备 4.program n. 程序 5．overcome vt. 克服 P重点短语
1．refer to 提及；涉及；参考 2．and the like 等等；依此类推 S句式仿写
原文：The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.(现在分词作状语)
译文：美国bug也可能是一个人，指的是对某一特殊活动着迷的人。 仿写：All night long he lay awake, thinking_of_what_had_happened_before. 整晚他醒着躺着，回想以前发生的事情。
B
[2016·河北沧州质检]La Gomera is the only place in the world that has a whistleW1 language. We do not know how and why it began because we do not know the complete history of the island. But we can certainlyW2 imagine the reasons for the beginning of the whistle language. There are many deep valleys on the island. A person on one side of a valley can not easily shout to a person on the other side. But he can whistle and be heard. Some of the best whistlers can be heard from four miles away and the record is seven miles.
The people who live on the island usually have good teeth, and this helps them to whistle well. Theymustalsohavegoodearssothattheycanhearotherwhistlers.S
We can understand why the whistle language continues. It is very useful on the island, and quite easy to learn. When somebody is hurt or ill, the whistle language takestheplaceofP1 telephone. If the sick person is quite far away from the town, people pass the message from one to another. A boy guardingW3 cattle on a hillside whistles to a man fishing from his boat. The last one is able to describe the trouble fully and exactlyW4 to the doctor in town. People help one another in the same way when a car breaksdownP2 or a cow is lost.
The whistle language is hundreds of years old, and probably it will continue to live on for hundreds of years more. Radio and TV often kill the specialW5 ways of speaking in different parts of a country. But on La Gomera you are nobody if you cannot whistle. Perhaps soon after TV arrives on the island, people there will be whistling the news and other facts and opinions.
本文是一篇说明文，讲述的是世界上的另外一种语言——“whistle language”的相关历史。
4．If a person on La Gomera is ill, ________.
A．the whistle language will help pass the message to the doctor
B．people will take him to town by carriage C．his family will take him to the hospital D．others will phone the doctor in town
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第三段“If the sick person is quite far away from the town, people pass the message from one to another.”可知。
5．La Gomera is special because ________. A．we don't know its complete history
B．people have to shout if they want to communicate C．people there have good teeth and ears
D．people there use the whistle language to communicate with each other
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句及“There are many deep valleys on the island. A person...can not easily shout to a person...But he can whistle and be heard.”可知。
6．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．The whistle language has been used for hundreds of years on the island, but will not be used any longer.
B．The whistle language can only be found on La Gomera.
C．It is not easy for a person to live on La Gomera if he cannot whistle.
D．The record shows that one best whistler can be heard by others from seven miles away. 答案：A 细节理解题。利用排除法，根据第四段中“The whistle language is hundreds of years old, and probably it will continue to live on for hundreds of years more.”可知A项错误，故选A。B、C、D三项与文中信息一致，均正确。
7．Which of the following will be the best title of this passage? A．The Secret Language.
B.Do You Know the Whistle Language? C．The Life of Islanders. D．La Gomera－a Mystery.
答案：B 主旨大意题。根据每段讲述的内容，可知本文讲的内容是一种“口哨”语言，而不是介绍某个地方，A项内容过小；C项文中并未介绍，故选B。
W重点词汇
1．whistle n. 口哨 2.certainly adv. 当然；行；必定 3．guard vt. 保卫；保护 4.exactly adv. 正确地；恰好地 5．special adj. 特别的；专门的 P重点短语
1．take the place of 取代；代替 2．break down 分解；出故障；累垮 S句式仿写
原文：They must also have good ears so that they can hear other whistlers.(so that用法) 译文：他们必须要有好的听力，以便他们可以听到其它打口哨的人。