8 ѧгõķ˼⼰ϰ
8 ѧгõķ
˼
1. 뷽ڶʲôҪԣʱԳֵĻҪΣ ڶһЩͨƷڱηţԼзȴﲻҪĵŨֲⶨ÷븻仰˵뷽ڶпԴﵽźЧ֤ȷԣӦ÷Χһ£ԳֵĻҪ99.9%ֵĻҪ99%ƷֺԽͣԻҪҲ͡
2. УõЩ˵
УγҺе[OH-]ֱӹϵˣÿҺȿʹijЩӱ˴˷롣ʵʹУͨòͬ뷽õijУ
a ƣNaOHǿڷԪأAl3+Zn2+Cr3+ԪأԪصĺ̬ҺУԪコ״ b ˮNH4Cl-NH3ҺpH8-9ʹ۽һӷ롣
c лγɲͬpHĻϵƷ룬pH5-6Ǽ-HClҺMn2+Co2+Ni2+Cu2+Zn2+Cd2+Al3+Fe3+TiIVȵķ롣
d ZnOҺȣһҺɿҺpHֵZnOҺpHֵԼΪ6ijЩ롣
3. ijҺFe3+A13+Ca2+Mg2+Mn2+Cr3+Cu2+Zn2+ӣNH4C1ͰˮЩʲôʽҺУЩʲôʽڳУǷȫ NH4ClNH3ɻҺpH8-9䣬ҺCa2+Mg2+,Cu(NH3)42-Zn(NH3)42+ӺMn2+Fe(OH)3Al(OH)3Cr(OH)3Mn(OH)2ҺFe3+A13+Cr3+Ca2+Mg2+Cu2+Zn2+ȫֿMn2+벻ȫ
4. 罫Na2O2ڣˮȡΣ Na2O2ǿCr3+Mn2+ֱCrO42-MnO4-ҺAlO22-ZnO22-MnO4-CrO42-Ca2+ڳУFe(OH)3Mg(OH)2Cu(OH)2Ca(OH)2CaCO3Ca2+벻ȫ
עNa2O2ԷָķֱⶨCrFeҲΪMn2+Na2O2Mn4+ MnO(OH)2ʽڡ
5. ijFeA1CaMgTiԪأںˮȡữӰˮֺɫpHԼΪ3ңټǼİȹˣֳҺʡ a ΪʲôҺиճֺɫʱǿɫʱʾpHΪ3ң b ˺õijʲôҺʲô
c Zn2+Mn2+ڳлҺУ
aҺгֺɫӦFe(OH)3ʱpHӦ3ҡۿɫ
97
8 ѧгõķ˼⼰ϰ
ʱвFe(OH)3pHֵԴFe3+ʼֵ
b˺õijӦTiO(OH)2Fe(OH)3 Al(OH)3ҺCa2+Mg2+Һ cZn2+Mn2+ӦZn2+MnO4-ʽҺС
6. ͭϽҴзFe3+
𣺲NH4Cl- NH3ҺpH8-9Al(OH)3ԴͭϽҺﹲFe3+
7. ʱйʲôԼٳֵ 𣺼ŵĵʣԼٳֵ
8. ֣ԹʲôҪлкŵ㣿 𣺶ԹҪҪУһǶԸֵĻҪߣЧʴDzŸֵIJⶨ߸Ӱⶨ лҪŵ㣺һѡԸߣлȥգǸЧϺá
9. νϵȣȡЩйأʲôʩȡʣ 𣺷ϵͷȡеҪ ϵKD?[A]0ֵͬŨȱȣϸ˵ӦΪȱȣ[A]wȣD?c0еŨ֮ȡڸ¶£KDһDcwKDй⣬ҺȡŨȵйأһڷѧУǸעֵٿֲ̬ͨʹ÷ȡ ȡʣE?D?100%ɼȡȣʺȡϵйأVwD?V0ֺء
ȡҪ;һDzãлܼȡDzЭͬȡ
10. ΪʲôڽȡʱҺȵĿԵúҪ ȡ̿ɱʾΪ
????Mn??n(HR)0???(MRn)0?nH
ɼҺȿӰϼ⡢ӵˮԼӦӰȡ
ƽ⣬ڽȡʱȿǷdzҪġ
11. ᱵⶨʱFe3+ʵFeS2еʱᱵвⶨʲô취Fe3+ţ
𣺽Һǿӽ֬ȥFe3+Һټⶨ
98
8 ѧгõķ˼⼰ϰ
12. ӽּ֬࣬ʲôص㣿ʲôӽ֬Ľȣ ͨӽ֬ͨΪࣺ
a ӽ֬ڷӣַΪǿӽ֬ӽ֬ǰ߿ͺͼҺʹã߲Һʹá
b ӽ֬ڷӣַΪǿӽ֬ӽ֬֡ǰ߿ͺͼҺʹã߲ڼҺʹá c ֬ѡԵؽijЩӡ
ָ֬ٷʣС֬йءһ4-14%֮䡣С֬۴ԴԲ ָÿ˸֬ܽmmol֬ԻŵĿһΪ3~6 mmolg-1
13. ΪڷгӽƱˮٲýƱˮ ʵҪˮܼϴˮͨˮȥˮͳˮȡӽƱȥˮмҵܺģЧȥˮеӡڷгӽƱˮʴʱȾ˽Ʊˮ
14. ɫ뷽ֽɫףɫɫףĹ̶ͷкβͬ
ɫһַ뷽зϵС죬ƶʱʹ֮зη䣬ԭСķ˺ܴЧʹַ뿪
ͨΪֽɫĹ̶ֽάϵˮ֣άǻϵĹ̶ˮɫֽɫҪ
ɫĹ̶Ҫǹ轺ɫDZɫķ
ɫĹ̶һͿϵķǼлǷɫס
15. NbTaֽɫΪ˵չԸֵúչѡ
ֽɫչӦԷһܽȺͲͬķչɺͼԶԱֵͷѡԾнϴӰ졣
μαP290ʯеNbTaⶨHF-HCl-HNO3ֽʹNb()Ta()NbF72-Ta F72-ʽڡ2026cm2ֽͪ-HF6:1չչ2hNb()ǰTa()ںǶͪӻNbF72-TaF72-γӶ̶жη䡣HFṩH+NbF72-TaF72-⡣
16. νбɫĶⶨ
𣺱ɫĶⶨֱӲⶨ߹ºȡҺⶨַʽֱӲⶨַΪ
ȽϰߵҺߵƷߵСɫdzֻܴﵽ붨 ϡͶñҺϡһıҺƷҺͬһϣչɫаߵƷ㹫ʽΪlgW?lgWs?
A?AsAsd?As?lgd
99
8 ѧгõķ˼⼰ϰ
ʽAAsAsdֱΪƷҺϡͱҺİߵdΪϡͱĵ ɨ跨ʹñɫɨǶԱϱʰߵйջӫⶨֱӶ
17. 뷨ʲôŵ㣿ΪʲôҪԼ
뷨Ӿзٶȿ졢Ͳŵ㣬رڴļϡҺ(10-7~10-15 molL-1) ӵķ븻ڹв˻ķĽ״״ӶܼȡоķֲʱҺ治ȷ, ʵĸѡԽϺõؽ
ڸѡУԼɸı䱻ѡıʺȶݣֱӰŸѡijɰܡԼ˳ٽ罺ŨȣCMCԼǼԲӣʹϵӣӶ߷Чһ˵̼ԽѡЧԽã̫ʱĭȶѡƽʱԸѡ̼̫½ĭȶʹѡ½̼̼ԭ14 ~ 18Ϊˡ
18. øѡ븻ˮеĺCrO42-ɲЩ;
һDzӸѡҺм廯ʮװ(CTMAB)ΪԼѡdzѡҺмAl(OH)3ƱԼpH~7ѡ
19. ȡ뷨ٽȡ뷨ҺĤ뷨ȡ뷨ķкβͬ
𣺹ȡ뷨ٽȡ뷨ҺĤ뷨ȡ뷨һЩ͵ķ뼼
ȡ(SPME)һлܼ٣ȡŨһ壬ܹɫЧҺɫƷǰ塢ˮƷѪҺȣȡȡԭڸ߷ӹ̶ҺĤˮҺﵽƽ롣
ٽĽǿҺĽϴܶȺܽȡٽȡ뷨SFEǻڷܽȼ볬ٽӼIJ𣬵ٽܼƷʱʹƷ롣ڳٽ岻кõܼҺиɢϵıӽ㣬һЩĿ϶ʹЧʺٶȴΪߡֵһǣ90 % SFECO2壬˱кܼԻȾSFEΪкܼȡı
ҺĤ, ҪڻܵѡѧӦȡȻз롣ʱִĤҺĤһʵǡĤͬʱȡͷȡ, ҺĤѡԵʡ
ȡ뷨ǿܼȡЧʣʹеijЩлɷЧط롣ʵһڲȷʽȡҪضܱнС
20. ëϸܵӾ뷨ķӦΣ ëϸܵӾֳƸЧëϸܵӾHPCEͳָԸѹ糡ΪëϸΪͨƷи֮ʶȺͷΪϵIJʵַһҺ뼼
100