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x 6=4.978
x??xi/n? 4.980
i?1n???xi?x/?n?1??0.008654
i?1n?n?2?A??xi?x/??n?1?*n??0.003366
i?1??2铜棒的B类不确定度与合成不确定度:
μA=0.003366 tP=1.11 c=3 Δ0=0.002
μB=Δ0/c=0.000667 kp=1
U
0.68??tP*?A???kP*?B??0.002659
22三、40cm铜棒电阻R的测量与数据处理:
铜(40cm)Ω 1600.03 1600.01 1601.31 1601.32 1600.08 1600.04 精品资料
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(1)平均值和A类不确定度:
n=6 x1=1600.03
x2=1600.01
x 3=1601.31 x 4=1601.32 x 5=1600.08 x 6=1600.04
x??xi/n? 1600.465
i?1n???xi?x/?n?1??0.0000021
i?1n?n?2?
A??xi?x/??n?1?*n??0.000008
i?1??2(2)实验仪器带来的系统误差(B类):
n=6 a=0.002 b=0.005 R=1600.465
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δ=?(a%+n*b/R)= ?0.0002564895 UR=R*δ=?0.295635
(3)R的合成不确定度:
μA=0.000008 UR=0.295635
U??A2?UR?20.295635
四、40cm铜棒电阻率的数值计算和数据处理:
40cm铜棒电阻率的计算:
L=0.40 d=0.00498 R=1600.465 R1=1000 Rn=0.001
Rx=(R/ R1) Rn=0.001600465
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ρ=πd2 Rx/4L=7.79564e-8
电阻率的不确定度传递公式:
SLlnDURxln2Dddd24DRxRxUdd2Udd2RxLDLLURxRxURxRx2
U2ULLULL2 =0.069e-8
因此,实验测得铜棒电阻率为
ρ= (7.796±0.069)×10-8Ω/m
五、30cm铜棒电阻率的数值计算和数据处理:
铜(30cm)Ω 1200.31 1197.42 1120.01 1199.52 1197.31 1197.01
30cm铜棒电阻率的计算:
L=0.30 d=0.0498 R=1185.26
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R1=1000 Rn=0.001
Rx=(R/ R1) Rn=0.00118526 ρ=πd2 Rx/4L=7.69563e-8
六,40cm铝棒电阻率的数值计算和数据处理
40cm铝棒电阻率的计算:
L=0.40 d=0.04996 R=704.32 R1=1000 Rn=0.001
Rx=(R/ R1) Rn=0.00070432 ρ=πd2 Rx/4L=4.600300e-8
于是得到结果:
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