崇明区2019届第一次期末质量检测试卷
英语
I. Listening Comprehension II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
Electric Bike Ban in New York Hurts Food Delivery Workers
A ban on electric bicycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend on them to earn Electric bicycles, or “e-bikes,” look like regular bicycles, but they have electric-powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward. Most e-bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour, but some can go much (21)________ (fast).
(22)________ it is legal to own e-bikes in New York City, it is not legal to operate them. Officials there consider the dangerous use of e-bikes on streets and sidewalks as reason (23)________ the ban. Last year, the city announced severe measures (24)________ (mean) to hold e-bike riders and restaurants that employ the riders responsible.
E-bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban. The police (25)________ also seize the bikes.
Many of New York’s delivery workers are Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s. Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours (26)________ (earn) enough money to live on.
Delivery worker Deqing Lian said it is important to perform quality work (27)________ their job also depends on tips. He added that when delivery workers are too slow, some people refuse to pay for the food. This makes the workers’ supervisors angry.
Liqiang Liu is an e-bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New York Delivery Workers Union. He says (28)________ (catch) breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers.
Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project, (29)________ provides assistance to bicycle-related workers in New York City. He says the city’s ban on e-bikes is unfairly targeting low-paid workers who largely come from the city’s Latino and Asian communities. He does not accept the argument (30)________ e-bikes present a danger to citizens. However, many New Yorkers are quick to blame e-bike riders for not being safe. Section B A. overate B. precious C. rate D. researchers E. impression F. previous G. presented H. interpret I. goers J. revealed K. consumer
People Think Meals Taste Better If They Are Expensive
It is said that there’s no such thing as a free lunch, but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal, it A new study has found that restaurant __31__ who pay more for their meals think the food is tastier
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a living. Many of the workers are immigrants.
will not taste as good as a more expensive meal, according to scientists.
than if it is offered for a smaller price. The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their __32__ of how food tastes.
Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet(自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the __33__ at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were asked to __34__ how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names.
The experiment __35__ that the people who paid $8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they __36__. However, the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total, according to the study __37__ at the Experimental Biology meeting this week.
Brian Wansink, a professor of __38__ behavior at the university, said: “We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats, but a huge impact on how you __39__ the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals.
In a(n) __40__ study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories(卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit areas.
III. Reading Comprehension Section A
How Climate Change Affects Airline Flights
Hot weather has forced dozens of commercial flights to be canceled at airports in the Southwest this summer. This flight-disturbing __41__ is a warning sign. Climate change is projected to have far-reaching __42__ --including sea level rise flooding cities and shifting weather patterns causing long-term declines in agricultural production. And there is evidence that it is beginning to affect the takeoff performance of commercial aircraft, with potential effects on airline __43__.
National and global transportation systems and the economic activity they support have been designed for the climate in which it all developed. In the aviation(航空) industry, airports and aircraft are designed for the weather conditions experienced __44__. Because the climate is changing, even fundamental elements like airports and key economic parts like air transportation may need to be __45__.
As scientists focused on the impacts of climate change and extreme weather on human society and natural ecosystems around the world, our research has quantified how extreme heat associated with our warming climate may affect __46__ around the world. We’ve found that major airports from New York to Dubai to Bangkok will see more frequent takeoff weight __47__ in the coming decades due to increasingly common hot temperatures, which can help reduce the aircraft’s weight so as to lower its required takeoff speed.
There is obvious evidence that extreme events such as heat waves and coastal flooding are happening with greater frequency and intensity than just a few decades ago. And if we __48__ to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly in the next few decades, the frequency and intensity of these extremes is projected to increase dramatically.
The __49__ on aviation may be widespread. Many airports are built near sea level, putting them at
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risk of more frequent __50__ as oceans rise. The frequency and intensity of violent air movement may increase in some regions due to strengthening high-altitude(高海拔的) wind. Stronger winds would force airlines and pilots to change flight lengths and routines, potentially increasing fuel __51__.
Many departments of the economy, including the aviation industry, have yet to seriously __52__ the effects of climate change. The sooner, the better: Both airport construction and aircraft design take decades, and have __53__ effects. Today’s newest planes may well be flying in 40 or 50 years, and their __54__ are being designed now. The earlier climate impacts are understood and appreciated, the more effective and less costly adaptation can be. Those adaptations may even include innovative ways to dramatically reduce climate-altering emissions across the aviation industry, which would help reduce the problem while also __55__ it. 41. A. scheme 43. A. pilots 45. A. retested 46. A. travels 48. A. happen 49. A. taxes 50. A. flooding 51. A. standard 52. A. consider 53. A. greater 54. A. airports Section B
Directions : Read the following three passage . Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
( A )
Flu is killing us. The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to fight against the risks we currently face, let alone prepare us for an even deadlier widespread flu that most experts agree will come in the future. Yes, we have an annual vaccine(疫苗), and everyone qualified should get it without question. The reality , however, is that less than half Americans get the flu vaccines. And the flu vaccines we have are only 60% effective in the best years and 10% effective in the worst years. We urgently need a much
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B. heat
C. shift C. costs
D. mess D. consequences D. accidents D. domestically D. reengineered D. communications D. restrictions D. promise D. comments D. transferring D. consumption D. demonstrate D. direct D. replacements D. recovering from
42. A. contributions 44. A. historically
B. confusions B. reservations B. enormously B. implemented B. developments B. gains B. fail
B. effects B. rotting B. avoid B. different B. products
C. feedbacks
C. fundamentally C. prospected C. flights C. bans C. aim
47. A. disorders
C. viewpoints C. repairing C. distribution C. maximize C. lasting
C. contracts C. resulting in
B. efficiency
55. A. sneezing at B. responding to