情态动词与虚拟语气
一、单句填空
1．(2015·北京，29改编)—Can't you stay a little longer?
—It's getting late.I really________go now. My daughter is home alone. 答案：must 句意为：——你不能再呆一会儿吗？——天色晚了。我真的必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。根据语境中“天晚了”和“女儿一个人在家”可知，这里表示必须得走了。must意为“必须”。
2．(2015·安徽黄山第二次质检改编)—I'm afraid I have to leave now, for you see, he is waiting for me.
—Well, if you ________， at least wait till the heavy rain stops.
答案：must 句意为：——恐怕现在我不得不离开了，因为你知道，他在等我。——好的，如果你非得走，至少要等到大雨停了再走。根据语境可知填must，意为“偏要；非得”。
3．(2014·陕西，25改编)My book，The House of Hades, is missing.Who ______ have taken it?
答案：could 句意为：我那本《决战冥王圣殿》不见了。谁会把它拿走了呢？由句意可知，设空处表示说话者对过去发生事情的一种疑问的推测，故填could。
4．(2015·安徽，32改编)It is lucky we booked a room，or we ________have nowhere to stay now.
答案：would/could/should/might 句意为：幸亏我们预订了一个房间，要不然我们现在就无处可呆了。根据语境可知，or后面的句子表示与现在事实相反的情况，此处为含蓄虚拟语气，句子谓语动词用“would/could/should/might＋动词原形”结构。
5．(2015·四川成都二诊改编)Film reviewers are surprised to find that Han Han's first film, The Contrinent, ________ be such a huge success.
答案：should 句意为：影评家们很吃惊地发现韩寒的第一部电影《后会无期》，竟然获得如此巨大的成功。表示“竟然”应用should。
6．(2015·浙江杭州地区七校模拟改编)When you phoned me, I was having a meeting; how I wish I ________(answer) your call.
答案：had answered 句意为：当你给我打电话的时候，我正在开会。我多么希望我(之前)接了你的电话。wish后的从句中用虚拟语气，根据句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟，所以谓语动词用had done形式。
7．(2015·湖南怀化质检改编)Had it not been for my teacher's help, I wouldn't________(win)the first place in contest.
1
答案：have won 条件从句中的谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”，主句中的谓语动词用“should/would/could/might＋have done”。根据句意答案为have won。
8．(2014·湖南，22改编)If Mr.Dewey ______(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
答案：had been 句意为：如果杜威先生在场的话，他就会为那里的人提供任何可能的帮助。从主句中的would have offered可以看出，从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故应用过去完成时。
9．(2014·甘肃天水一中段考改编)John wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he ________(come) tomorrow than today.
答案：came would rather后面接从句时，从句中的谓语动词通常要用一般过去时，表示对现在或将来的假设。
10．(2012·陕西，17改编)If my car______(be)more reliable，I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
答案：had been 句意为：如果我的车更可靠点儿的话，我去年夏天就会开车去拉萨，而不是坐飞机去了。根据语境可知，此处是对过去事实的虚拟，故if条件句用过去完成时，主句谓语用“would/could/might/should＋have＋过去分词”。
11．(2015·北京，34改编)If I________(see) it with my own eyes，I wouldn't have believed it.
答案：hadn't seen 根据主句中“wouldn't have believed”可以判断是对过去的虚拟。句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。
12．(2015·天津，7改编)I ________have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
答案：needn't needn't have done为情态动词中表虚拟的用法，意思为“本不必做某事却做了”。
13．(2015·陕西，21改编)You ________feel all the training a waste of time，but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.
答案：may 情态动词may表推测时，意为“或许，可能”。句意：你或许觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我敢百分百保证，你以后一定会感恩你这么做了。
14．(2015·陕西，23改编)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ________(dance) as well as her.
答案：danced wish后接从句，从句用虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式(be用were)；叙述与将来事实相反，谓语动词用could/should/would do；叙述与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had done。由语境可知，此处表示与现在事实相反，故谓语动词用过去式。句意：艾伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊。
2
15．(2015·福建，27改编)—Sorry，Mum！I failed the job interview again. —Oh，it's too bad.You ________ have made full preparations.
答案：should should have done本应该干某事而事实上没干。由failed可知“我”没做好充分的准备，因此用should have done。
二、语法填空
(2015·广东省六校联考改编)
Drunk driving, a major concern currently, is not a funny thing, __1__ has killed many people and ruined the lives of many others. At present, traffic accidents become “the world's first harm”．
Two months ago, after __2__(drink) a lot of alcohol, my friend's uncle drove his car home. He was __3__(heavy) drunk, but he still drove home by himself. On the road near his home, an old lady was going across the road, __4__ his uncle didn't notice her and he was still moving on under the influence of alcohol. And __5__ old lady didn't see his uncle, either. In the end, the lady died.
__6__ it not been for his uncle's drunkenness, the terrible accident would not have happened. If the lady __7__(die), she would live a happy life with her daughters and sons. And his uncle's home was also destroyed by his uncle. Therefore, two __8__(family) were destroyed.
I wish more people __9__(can) realize the seriousness of drunk driving and obey the traffic regulationsfaithfully.Alwaysremember：refuse __10__(drink) and drive, and give a safe world to you and me!
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______ 答案：
1．which thing后是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故填which。 2．drinking after在此是介词，后跟动名词。 3．heavily 修饰was drunk用副词。
4．but 由didn't notice判断，该空所用词表示转折，故填but。 5．the 特指上文提到的lady，故填定冠词。
6．Had 根据主句中的would not have happened判断，逗号前面是一个虚拟语气的条件句，句子的谓语应用had done形式；但是因为省略了if，所以要把had提前到句首，由此可判断出该空填Had。
7．hadn't died if引导的是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句子，故应用过去完成时，填hadn't died。
3