论企业管理者领导风格（leadership styles）的选择
Abstract: Based on the comparisons of the advantages and s disadvantage of the two main leadership styles - democratic style and authoritarian style, which highlights that each leadership style has its weakness and strength and cannot be generalized as bad or good. Managers need to consider the impact from the leaders, their subordinates and the environment in the particular situation when they choose the leadership style. And no matter which leadership style the managers may choose, it would be the best as long as it’s appropriate.
Keywords：Corporate managers; leadership styles
People often ask this question: \
subconscious of this question hopes to find the best leadership style and master the complex management practices. To be a wise leader, the actual situation is far more complicated..
d能给领导风格简单排序，分出优劣，各种领导风格都有其所长、所短。比如：广受人们关注的专制型民主风格和民主型领导风格就既有长处也有短处。专制型领导风格的工作效率低，它通过严格管理虽能达到工作目标，但使群体成员往往以“我”为中心而缺乏责任感，遇挫时推卸责任，争吵攻击，领导在不在场，工作效率就大不一样。虽然说这种风格有很多缺点，但这并不是说它一无是处。
I think that the practice of leadership style is rich and varied, affecting the effectiveness of the leadership style of many factors, not to the leadership style of simple sort, separate the pros
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and cons of various leadership styles has its own director, the short. For example: wide concern in the authoritarian style democracy and democratic leadership style has both strengths are also weaknesses. Autocratic leadership style has low efficiency, although the working goals can be achieved through strict management, but to make group members often use \responsibility, quarrels attacks, leaders not present, the efficiency to be quite different. Although this style has many shortcomings, but this is not it useless.当一个组织通到天灾
人祸的危机时刻，专制型领导风格总是以其坚强和效率发挥着积极作用；当一家公司面临恶意收购或者经营成败的紧急关头，这种领导风格亦可快刀斩乱麻，抓住稍纵即逝的宝贵时机，激发人们采用新的工作方式；在对付那些其他手段都无济于事的问题人员时，专制型领导风格不失为一种有效手段。 民主型领导风格工作效率高，不但能完成工作目标，而且群体成员关系融洽，工作积极性高，富有自觉性和创造性。然而民主型领导风格也有自己的缺点，那就是它可能导致无休无止的会议，反反复复交换意见，形成共识困难，拖延决策，贻误时机，在一些时候还会使员工迷惑不解，难辨方向，有些情况下，它甚至可能加剧组织内部矛盾与冲突，干扰组织目标。When an organization leads to the moment of crisis, natural
disasters, authoritarian style of leadership and efficiency is always a strong play its positive role; When a company facing a hostile takeover, or business success or failure of the critical moment, this leadership style can also be cut to the quick seize fleeting precious opportunity to inspire people to adopt new ways of working; in dealing with those who have exhausted other issues staff, authoritarian leadership style is an effective means. Democratic leadership style, high efficiency, not only to achieve their objectives, and the harmonious relationship between
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group members, working motivated, full of consciousness and creativity. But the Democratic leadership style has its own shortcomings, that is, it may result in endless meetings, and repeatedly exchange of views, consensus problems, delays in decision-making, missing an opportunity, but also the employees at some time confused and difficult our orientation, in some cases, it may even aggravate contradictions and conflicts within the organization, interference organizational goals.
领导情境理论告诉我们，领导风格的有效性受到了领导者、被领导者和环境特征的强烈影响。因此，管理者在选择领导方式时， 需要考虑以下三个方面的因素：
一、领导方面的影响因素 一是领导者的价值观念和性格。每个领导者都会根据自己的经历和知识来对待领导工作，所以领导的个性、观念、态度和情感必然会影响其领导行为。
Situational leadership theory tells us that the validity of the leadership style of the leader, leader and environmental characteristics were strongly influenced. Therefore, managers in the choice of leadership, the need to consider the following three factors: First, the impact of leadership factors
First, the values of leadership and character. Each leader will be based on their experience and knowledge to deal with leadership, so leader's personality, ideas, attitudes and feelings will definitely influence their leadership behaviors.
二是领导者对下属的信任程度。在多大程度上信任别人，不同的领导者差别很大，这一点显然会反映在对待下属的态度上。
三是领导者对某种领导方式的偏好和倾向。有的领导者习惯于实施强有力的指挥；有的领导者则习惯于遇事喜欢同下属商量。
二、 下属方面的影响因素 Second, leaders trust in subordinates. The extent to
which trust other people and different leaders vary greatly, this is clearly reflected in the attitude towards subordinates.
Third, leaders on a leadership preferences and tendencies. Some leaders are accustomed to exercise strong command; some leaders are accustomed to when we come across like to consult with their subordinates.
下属同领导者一样，其行为也要受到个人因素的影响。领导者对影响下属行为的因素理解得愈深刻，就愈能选择合适的领导方式， 从而使下属更有效地工作。
由于下属的心态具有一定的特点，领导者应该有针对性地采取灵活的管理手段。通常情况下，如果在企业运营初期，下属的文化、知识、技能等程度不高，
Second, subordinates impact factors
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总体属于依赖型，那么专制型领导风格往往能收到良好效果；但是在企业经营走上正轨，下属素质不断提高，工作技能熟练，自尊需求比较强烈时，管理者则要考虑采用民主型的管理风格。Subordinates with the leader, as their actions have to be
personal factors. Leaders of factors affecting the behavior of subordinates and profound understanding of survivors, the more able to choose the right style of leadership, so that their subordinates to work more effectively.
Because the mentality of certain subordinate characteristics, leaders should be targeted to adopt a flexible management tool. Typically, if the initial business operations, subordinate culture, knowledge and skills is not high, belongs to the dependent, then the authoritarian style of leadership can often receive good results; but business on track and keep the quality of subordinates higher skilled work, self-esteem when demand is strong, managers will have to consider the democratic-type of management style.
三、 环境方面的影响因素
一是单位的类型和性质。同独立的个人一样， 单位也有自己的价值标准和传统。 有的单位需要领导者有决断能力， 善于指挥他人； 有些单位则强调领导者要处理好人际关系。
二是群体效能。在向下级授权之前，领导者必须先考虑好所辖工作集体能否有效地在一起工作。 成员背景和兴趣类似可以使群体工作起来更容易、更有效率。
三是需要解决的任务或问题本身的性质。如果需要解决的问题十分复杂，需要各方面的专业知识，则领导者可能比较乐于征询他人的意见。但也可能有些领导者反而宁肯自己经过透彻的思考后单独进行决策，而不愿耗费大量的时间和其他人讨论，征求其他人意见。Subordinates with the leader, as their actions have to be
personal factors. Leaders of factors affecting the behavior of subordinates and profound understanding of survivors, the more able to choose the right style of leadership, so that their subordinates to work more effectively.
Because the mentality of certain subordinate characteristics, leaders should be targeted to adopt a flexible management tool. Typically, if the initial business operations, subordinate culture, knowledge and skills is not high, belongs to the dependent, then the authoritarian style of leadership can often receive good results; but business on track and keep the quality of subordinates higher skilled work, self-esteem when demand is strong, managers will have to consider the democratic-type of management style.
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