八下Unit 1 What’s the matter?
一．询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到什么麻烦时，常用以下句型：
1.What’s the matter （with sb）? 2. What’s the trouble / problem（with sb）? 3.What’s wrong （with sb）? 你怎么了？ 4. What’s one’s trouble / problem ？ 5.What’s up ? 6. What happened to sb ?
7.Are you OK ? 8. Is there anything wrong with sb ? 二．表达身体不适或疼痛时，常用以下结构： 1.Sb + have /has + a / an + 疾病名称：have a cold(患感冒) / fever / cough / temperature 注：have a cold相当于get a cold/catch a cold/have got a cold；have a bad cold(患重感冒)；have a heart problem 有心脏病
2.Sb + have/ has a sore +身体部位：have a sore throat / back
3.Sb + have / has+ a+ 身体部位+ache(构成疾病名词) have a toothache /headache / stomachache / earache /backache
4.Sb + hurt(s) +身体部位/ oneself ; He hurt his leg .或身体部位+ hurts ; My head hurts badly .
5.There is something wrong with one’s +身体部位。 6.Sb +have /has a pain in one’s +身体部位
三．情态动词 should / should’t 的用法：意为’应该，应当’ 后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。通常表示提出意见或建议，或义务和责任，还可表示命令责备或要求等语气; 1. You should lie down and rest . 2.You should’t eat so much next time . 3. What should I do ?
4. Should I put some medicine on it ？ ----Yes ,you should ./ No, you should’ t. 四、if引导的条件句，如果主句是祈使句、含有情态动词或用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。 Section A 1.sore adj. 疼痛的 可作定语或表语She has a sore throat / back . My leg is very sore . 2.back n. 后面，背面 He sat at the back of the classroom. adv .回（原处）come back 3. lie 躺，卧---lay. lain.lying lie down 躺下 撒谎 ---lied.lied .lying You are lying to me .
n. 谎言假话 tell a lie / lies lay .---laid .laid. laying 产卵 下蛋 放置 4. rest 休息 v./n. You should rest for a few days . get some rest= have(take) a rest /a break / breaks休息一下
5. to one ‘s surprise 使某人惊讶的是 常作插入语，位于句首 ，其后用逗号与其他部分隔开。To his surprise,she failed the exam .
To one’s +表示感情色彩的名词，意为使/令某人.....的是; to one’s joy 令/使某人高兴的是， to one’s disappointment令/使某人失望的是 to one’s satisfaction令/使某人满意的是； in surprise 吃惊地 surprising(物) What surprising news ! Surprised(人) be surprised to do / be surprised at sth / be surprised that… 6. much too+ 形容词， 太...... ， too many+可数名词复数，太多…… too much+不可数名词，太多…（前）也可做副词修饰动词（后）talk too much
7. enough形容、副词,足够的/地，(1) enough +名词; enough water (2) 形副+ enough ; good enough (3)enough后常接(for+名词/代词) to do sth. 意为足够/能做某事 1
8. sound like+名词代词和从句：听起来像 It sounds like you don’t know the truth.. It sounds like a good idea.
Sound( look/feel/taste/smell )+形容词 听起来... eg. The music sounds nice. 9. need (1).需要，实义动词 人作主语 need+sth，需要某物； need (sb)to do sth.需要做某事，
(2). 物作主语；sth needs doing/ to be done ; The room needs cleaning /to be cleaned.
(3) 情态动词,多用于否定句或疑问句 Need I stay here ?---Yes, you must . /No, you need’t.
10. agree 同意，赞同---disagree(反义词) agree with sb. 同意某人(意见或观点) agree to do sth.. 同意做某事
11. right away =right now =at once，意为 马上 。
12. advice(不可数)建议,意见 a piece of advice 一条建议 give sb. advice on sth./ take one’s advice advise [动词] advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise doing sth.建议做某事 13. hurt 及物动词，使……疼痛，……受伤，He hurt his leg . He hurt her feelings.
不及物动词，……（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly.
14. hit --hit（过去式）（用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打较硬的部位； hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach/mouth 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子、嘴巴，in 用在所打较软的部位。
当名词用时；get hit on the head 头部受到撞击
15. see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事（强调看见某个动作正在进行） I saw a boy playing football near my home.
See sb do sth 看见某人做某事（强调看见动作发生的全过程）
We saw him cross the road.
类似于see这种用法的动词，常见的有watch,hear,notice等。
16.shout to sb向某人喊话 shout at sb 冲某人叫喊（贬义） shout for help 大声呼救 17. expect sb to do sth期待某人去做某事。
18.think about（+doing考虑 think of想起，认为 think over仔细考虑 think up想出 19.fall down（+from）摔倒，跌倒（相当于fall off… 从……跌落下来）fall behind 落后，跟不上 fall into落入… fall asleep 入睡 fall in love with 爱上… fall over跌倒
20.反身代词myself./ yourself / himself / herself / itself / ourselves /yourselves / themselves
作同位语；Did you make the cake yourself ? 做表语 I’m not myself today . enjoy oneself（玩得高兴） help oneself to…（随便吃...）by oneself（独自、单独） hurt/ cut oneself（伤着、割伤自己）teach oneself=learn sth by oneself（自学） 21.trouble (不可数)；苦恼，问题 be in trouble 处于困境 get into trouble陷入困境 make trouble 制造麻烦 have (no)trouble / difficulties / problems (in) doing sth做....有麻烦 , 做某事(没)有困难
22.put …… on sth 在某物上放…… put some medicine on the cut (伤口) 在伤口上敷些药 put a bandage on it 在它上面放绷带
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23. in the same way 以同样的方式 on the way to 在去……的路上 in the way 挡路
out of the way 不再碍事 by the way 顺便说一下 in this way 用这种方法 in a way 在某种程度上
24.get an X-ray 拍X 光片 take one’s temperature 量体温 hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 see a dentist 看牙医 go to a doctor =go to see a doctor = go to the doctor’s 看医生 all weekend 整个周末 on the side of the road 在马路边without thinking twice 没多想 get sunburned 被晒伤 have a heart problem有心脏病feel very hot 感到很热have a nosebleed 流鼻血put her head back 把她的头向后仰 save a life 挽救生命cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖do the right thing 做正确的事 go mountain climbing 去爬山
25.with (1)具有，带有 （事物具有的性质、特征）其反义词：without 没有（后接名词、代词、动词-ing形式，without thinking twice 没多想。(2)和......在一起 talk with a friend (3)使用 with a knife
26.Take one’s temperature 量体温 take a message 捎口信 take a shower 洗淋浴 take a walk 散步 take one’s order 点菜 take the subway 乘地铁 take a trip 旅行 take sb.’s place 代替；替换 take breaks(take a break) 休息 take risks 冒险 27.lie (lay ,lain ,lying) (1)躺、平躺 lie down 躺下 (2)存在、处于 lie (in/on/to) 位于....(3)撒谎 lie to sb. 对某人撒谎 (4)谎言、假话 tell a lie/tell lies 说谎 28.for too long 太长时间 介词for后接一段时间
29.be away from 远离；离开（后接地点，意为远离某地） 30.get off 下车（下汽车、火车、飞机等）；get on 上车（登上汽车、火车等）后接较大的交通工具,反义词 get off ； get into 进入（汽车、出租车、电梯等）后接较小的交通工具； get out of 从......下来（汽车、出租车、电梯、直升飞机等），反义词：get into
31.thanks to 多亏,由于,因为（=because of =with the help of） 并无当面感谢的意思，后接名词或代词； thanks for 因...而感谢 后接感谢的原因，后接名词、代词、动词-ing形式
32.happen vi.发生 不能用于被动语态，且不与表示一段时间的状语连用。(1)表示某地/某时发生了某事：sth.+happened+地点/时间 （2）表示某人出了某事：sth.happened to sb. (3)当happen 作?碰巧?时 sb.happened to do sth.(某人碰巧做某事) It happened +that从句 （碰巧怎么样）
33.expect预料、期待 expect sb.to do sth.预料/期待某人做某事
34.in time 及时（强调正好赶上事先约定的时间，没有迟到，其后可接for短语，意为正赶上某事。） on time 准时 （按计划做某事，强调不迟到，不早不晚。）
Section B
1.sick adj.① 生病的，有病的。作表语和定语 。ill只能作表语 be /feel sick =be ill ②恶心的 I feel a little sick. ③ 厌倦的 be sick of I’m sick of running .
2. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于…适应做某事…(be = get = become) He is used to getting up early . be used to do sth = be used for sth /doing被用于做某事 Wood is used to make houses . used to do sth 过去常做某事 He used to go to work by bus . use sth.to do sth. 用某物做某事=use sth.for doing sth.
3. take a risk=take risks 冒险 the risk of sth /doing……的风险 at risk 在危险中 risk to do sth. 冒险去做某事
4. in a very dangerous situation 在一种非常危险的情况下
5. sth. run out 某物用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.
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