现在完成时讲解
一、构成:
肯定式:主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式:助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 过去分词规则变化:
a)一般情况下,直接加ed, (work---worked,water---watered, finish---finished等;) b)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词, 把y 变成i 再加ed, (carry-- -carried study---studied等;) c)以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词,要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ed。 (stop---stopped,shop---shopped) d)以不发音的e结尾的动词,只加d ( 过去分词不规则变化表: 二、用法:
用法一:表示过去(已经、曾经或从未)发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
标志词: ①already, ②never, ③ever, ④just, ⑤yet, ⑥before,
⑦once/twice/数字+ times
例: I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的,不需要打扫了)
They have left. --他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里 I have never had a car (我从未有过汽车。) I have been there twice.
a)already 往往用于肯定句,用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气;yet 用于否定句和疑问句。 ? He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。
? Has he already left here? 他(真的)已经离开这里了吗?(表示加强语气) ? My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。 ? Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗? b) never 是否定词,表示“从来没有”,而ever 表示“曾经” ? We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 ? Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗? c) just用于句中, 表示“刚刚”
? I’ve just had breakfast. 我刚吃完早饭。
? What have they just done? 他们刚刚做了什么? d) before用于句末, 表示“以前” ? I’ve seen it before. 我以前见过它。
练习:用never,ever,already,before, just或yet填空。 1. I have __________seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has __________finished his homework.
3. --Have you _________seen the film? --No, I have ________seen it. 4. ---Has the bus left _______? ---Yes, it has ________ left.
5. Would you like to go to the zoo with me? Yes, but I have been there _________.
★ has gone to, has been to, has been in 的区别:
1. have/has gone to 去了某地(还在某地没回