冠词
一、单句填空
1．(2015·浙江，2改编)Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.
答案：a；the 句意：简的祖母多年来一直想写一本儿童读物，但是一件接一件的事情总是妨碍她写书。children's book的中心词是单数可数名词且第一次出现，并且此处表泛指，故其前需加不定冠词；in the way为固定搭配，意为“挡道，碍事”。
2．(2014·新课标Ⅰ，63)Now, years later, this river is one of ________ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
答案：the 形容词最高级前用定冠词。句意：现在，数年之后，这条河是环境保护最典型的例子之一。空格后部分的中心词是名词examples，再由one of...可知，这里的most表示比较意义；形容词最高级前用定冠词the。
3．(2014·广东，23改编)She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on ________ top floor.
答案：the top“顶端的，最高的”，只修饰名词，前面用定冠词。on the top floor “在顶楼”。
4．(2014·天津，8改编)Life is like ________ ocean: Only ________ strong-willed can reach the other shore.
答案：an；the 第一个空表示泛指，且ocean以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an；形容词前用定冠词表示一类人，the strong-willed意为“意志坚强的人”。
5．(2014·浙江，2改编)The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ________ week, often long into________night.
答案：a；the seven days a week意为“整个星期，一周七天”，long into the night意为“直到深夜”，是固定短语。
6．(2014·重庆，6改编)I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilson's because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.
答案：the；a way后有介词短语作定语，表特指，所以第一空填定冠词the；泛指“一个名叫Wilson的人”，第二空填不定冠词a。
7．(2014·陕西，19改编)________ village where I was born has grown into ________ town.
答案：The；a village后有定语从句修饰，是特指，故第一空填定冠词；泛指“一座城镇”，故第二空填不定冠词a。
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8．(2014·江西，22改编)They chose Tom to be ________ captain of the team because they knew he was ________ smart leader.
答案：the；a 第一空后面的名词captain“队长”后面有介词短语of the team修饰，表示特指，所以使用定冠词the；第二空后的可数名词leader前面有形容词smart修饰，用a表示泛指。
9．(2013·新课标Ⅱ，13改编)Four and ________ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and ________ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.
答案：a；a 句意：四个半小时的讨论让我们到了午夜，我们稍微休息了一下，吃了奶酪、巧克力并且喝了加糖的茶。两空前加不定冠词a，都为固定搭配。
10．(2013·浙江，15改编)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.
答案：a；an 第一空a preference表示“一种倾向性的喜好”，用不定冠词a表示“一个，一种”的概念，同时have/develop a preference for sth.也可以看作固定词组，表示“对某物偏好，喜爱”；而第二空at an early age是固定词组，意为“在幼年时期”，也表示“一个，一种”的概念。
11．(2015·天津六校联考改编)________ news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was given out on the radio yesterday.
答案：The 句意为：市长来我们学校参观的新闻昨天通过收音机发布了。名词news后有介词短语修饰，起限定作用，表特指，故填the。
12．(2015·浙江杭州质检改编)In Germany, ________ successful project, which roughly translates as “adopt a grandparent”， has been running with a great success.
答案：a 句意为：在德国，一个名为“领养祖父母”的项目已成功运行。project为单数可数名词，此处意为“一个成功的项目”，表泛指。故填不定冠词a。
13．(2015·陕西宝鸡中学期中改编)—Mom, why can't I have ________ new bike? —Dear, you know, money doesn't grow on trees.
答案：a 句意为：——妈妈，我为什么不能要一辆新自行车？——亲爱的，你要知道，赚钱可不是件容易的事。bike为单数可数名词，是首次提到，此处表泛指，故用不定冠词a。
14．(2015·安徽江淮十校联考改编)________ wish always remains unrealistic that you can come first in the final exam when you make no efforts at all.
答案：The 句意为：你不付出任何努力而想在期末考试中得第一名的愿望是不现实的。wish后有that引导的同位语从句修饰，表特指，故填定冠词The。
15．(2015·广东中山七校联考改编)Your son is in great danger and he needs ________ immediate operation which costs 48,000 yuan.
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答案：an 句意为：你的儿子很危险，他需要紧急手术，费用为48,000元。operation为单数可数名词，且immediate为元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
16．(2015·河北名校联盟质检改编)I'd like to buy ________ computer. Could you please give me some advice?
答案：a 句意为：我想买一台电脑，你能给我一些建议吗？computer为单数可数名词，此处表不确定的事物，表泛指，故填不定冠词a。
17．(2015·浙江嘉兴五校联考改编)Zinio is ________ platform for digital magazines, with more than 5,500 magazines from a wide range of publishers.
答案：a 句意为：Zinio是一个电子杂志平台，拥有来自各出版商所提供的5,500多本杂志。platform是单数可数名词，此处指“一个平台”，表泛指，故填不定冠词a。
18．(2015·江西南昌高三一模)What if your first choice is wrong? If so, just give yourself ________ second chance.
答案：a 句意：如果你的第一次选择错误怎么办？如果是这样，要再给自己一次机会。序数词前加不定冠词表示“再一，又一”，所以填不定冠词a。
19．(2015·福建厦门模拟改编)—Would you mind giving me advice on how to improve my record?
—If you make ________ most of your potential, there will be a rise in your achievement.
答案：the 句意为：——给我一些建议使我提高记录好吗？——如果你充分利用自己的潜能，你的成绩就会提高。make the most of是固定短语，意为“充分利用”，故填定冠词the。
20．(2015·浙江温州十校联考改编)With the development of society, our country is badly in need of those with ________ better command of computer skills.
答案：a 句意为：随着社会的发展，我们国家非常需要那些可以进行电脑操作的人才。with a command of...为惯用搭配，意为“掌握??”，故填不定冠词a。
二、单句改错
1．(2013·新课标Ⅱ，5)This custom soon became another meal of day.
答案：day前加the day此处意为“时期，时代”，特指某一时期，故用定冠词the。 2．(2013·四川，7)The teacher was angry because we had same answers in the test. 答案：same前加the same意为“相同的，同样的”，其前必须有定冠词the。 3．(2013·浙江，7)Tomorrow is first day of school.
答案：first前加the或my 表示顺序的序数词前要加定冠词或物主代词、名词所有格等限定词。
4．(2012·浙江，10)As a result, nobody knew truth.
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答案：truth前加the 特指前面提到的事情的真相，因此用定冠词the。 5．(2014·新课标Ⅰ)As result, the plants are growing everywhere. 答案：As后加a as a result意为“结果，因此”，是固定短语。
6．(2015·新课标Ⅰ)Now I'm living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside. 答案：countryside前加the in the countryside意为“在农村”，是固定短语。 7．(2015·云南昆明质检)I think it good habit that in our spare time we read more books of great use.
答案：good前加a habit意为“习惯”，是可数名词，此处为泛指，故用不定冠词a修饰。
8．(2015·甘肃武威一模)Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in a ordinary school.
答案：第二个a→an ordinary是以元音音素开头的形容词，故其前应用不定冠词an。 9．(2015·辽宁葫芦岛一模)Last Sunday I saw a worst storm in years. It came suddenly and went on for over three hours.
答案：a→the 根据in years可知，此处表示“最严重的暴风雨”，形容词最高级前应加定冠词the。
10．(2014·河南开封二模)When children are ill, I try my best to take a good care of them.
答案：去掉good前的a take good care of...为固定搭配，意为“精心照顾??”，care前不加冠词。
三、语法填空
(2015·济南市二模)
Doctors have been warning for years that secondhand smoke leads to many types of illness.__1__，many children around the world live in areas where adults __2__(regular)smoke.
A journal __3__(call)Annals of Family Medicine recently published an article，__4__ called for doctors to start treating children's contact to secondhand smoke as abuse.In that case，contact to secondhand smoke would be viewed much like physical abuse or neglect.The author of the article，Dr.Adam Goldstein，is __5__ professor at University of North Carolina School of Medicine.He says secondhand smoke __6__(cause)many diseases in children.
The U．S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention agree that secondhand smoke can cause serious health problems in children.They say that compared to children who grow up in homes __7__ smokers，children with parents who smoke have smaller
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lungs and __8__(many)illnesses.
However，several organizations for smokers' rights in the U．S.say people have __9__ right to smoke in their own homes.Dr.Adam Goldstein has warned tobacco companies are trying to avoid and even weaken anti-tobacco laws，and the fight is going to be difficult.But he added，“We should not give up __10__ we make sure tobacco industry goes out of business.”
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______ 答案：
文章大意：吸二手烟的危害显而易见。人们应该对此多加关注。
1．However 考查连词。前后句之间是转折关系， 空后有逗号，所以填however。 2．regularly 考查形容词与副词。此处修饰动词smoke，故用副词。
3．called 考查非谓语动词。journal与call之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词。
4．which 考查定语从句。从句中缺少主语，所以填关系代词；先行词是article，所以填which或that；再由逗号可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，所以填which而非that。
5．a 考查冠词。Dr.Adam Goldstein是University of North Carolina School of Medicine的一位教授，此处表泛指，所以填不定冠词。
6．causes 考查时态。此处是该教授说的研究结果，所以具有真理性，故用一般现在时；主语是secondhand smoke，所以用单数第三人称。
7．without 考查介词。此处是两组人员比较，一组是父母吸烟的，一组是父母不吸烟的。所以填without，与后一句中的with反义对应。
8．more 考查比较级。此处与前面的smaller照应，所以使用比较级。 9．the 考查冠词。have the right to do sth.有做某事的权利。
10．until/before 考查连词。句意：直到烟草公司关闭我们才会停止战斗。 四、短文改错
(2015·日照市二模)
My grandparents live in the countryside.They keep a dog calling Ah Bao.One day my grandparents go to work in the fields，taking along my little brother and Ah Bao.My brother and Ah Bao came to a river nearby and enjoyed himself. My brother was trying to catch a butterfly while he fell into a river.Ah Bao barked and immediate jumped into a water.Hearing about him barking，my grandparents hurried there and saw Ah Bao swimming towards the bank carrying my brother. Ah Bao did all he could save my little brother，that moved all the people present.Everyone praised Ah Bao
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for his brave and kindness.
答案：
My grandparents live in the countryside.They keep a dog calling Ah Bao.One day
calledmy grandparents go to work in the fields，taking along my little brother and Ah
wentBao.My brother and Ah Bao came to a river nearby and enjoyed himself. My brother
themselveswas trying to catch a butterfly while he fell into a river.Ah Bao barked and
whenimmediate jumped into a water.Hearing about him barking，my grandparents immediatelythehurried there and saw Ah Bao swimming towards the bank carrying my brother. Ah Bao did all he could ∧ save my little brother，that moved all the people
towhichpresent.Everyone praised Ah Bao for his brave and kindness.
bravery
解析：
第一处：calling→called 考查非谓语动词。根据dog是call的动作承受者，应用过去分词作定语。
第二处：go→went 考查时态。由全文可知，应该使用一般过去时。
第三处：himself→themselves 考查代词。根据该句的主语my brother and Ah Bao判断反身代词应用themselves。
第四处：while→when 考查连词。be doing...when...是固定句式，意为“正在做??(就在这时)突然??”。
第五处：immediate→immediately 考查形容词与副词。修饰动词jumped应该用副词。 第六处：a→the 考查冠词。river在前文已经提到，应用定冠词表特指。
第七处：去掉about 考查介词。hear听到；hear about听说。此处是hear sb doing听到某人正在做某事。
第八处：could后加to 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了救那个小男孩，Ah Bao尽了最大的努力。由句意可知，此处使用不定式作目的状语。
第九处：that→which 考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句，不能用that引导。 第十处：brave→bravery 考查名词。分析句子， his后应加名词形式，与and后的kindness并列。
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