自编之定语从句 1
高中英语定语从句详解
一．概念：
(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用：
1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；
2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）
常用的关系代词: that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as 、but (文语, 置于否定词之后=that/who?not?, \没有??不??\在从句中作主语，宾语) 常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 where 定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；
第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）； 第三选择合适的关系词。
二．几个关系代词的基本用法：（作宾语时可省略） ●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。
(指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which)
(不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语)
如：
1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语) 2. You can take anything ( that) you like. （宾语）
3. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表语）
● which: 指物或事；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。
如：
1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语） 2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语） 4. He was proud, which his brother never was. （表语）
5. Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.（定语）
● who, whom, whose:
who: 在从句中作主语，宾语; 只可指人 whom:在从句中作宾语; 只可指人
whose:在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。
1.who:I like the students who/that work hard. （主语）
自编之定语从句 2
All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.) 2.whom:Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor. （宾语）
He's a man from whom we should learn.
= He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.
比较：He is the student whom you think to be worthy of your praise.
He is the student who you think is worth praising.
3.Whose:A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）
I'd like a room whose window faces south. （指物） =I'd like a room of which the window faces south. =I'd like a room the window of which faces south.
※ whose引导定语从句时，其前不能再出现冠词或形容词性物主代词。 ※ whose指人时，相当于of whom the + n./the + n. + of whom; whose指物时，相当于of which the + n./the + n. + of which。
例：Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ____ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
※ “, and” +its price
四．几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:
●that & which
1.宜用that（一双代高序）
①先行词为不定代词,all, much ,something ,everything ,anything, nothing ,none, the only one等,
1.We should do all that is useful to the people . 2.There's nothing that can be said about it .
3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday? 4.He told me everything that he knows.
②先行词被any, few, little, no, very, all, every, each, much, some等词修饰时。
1.All the books that you offered has been given out.
The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works. You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free.
比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.
*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.
③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。
1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake. 2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.
④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
1.This is the best that can be done now.
2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.
⑤先行词既有人又有物，
1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known . 2.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
⑥被修饰词为数词时.
自编之定语从句 3
I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water ,you can see the two that are still alive .
⑦如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that.
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
⑧疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that.
1. Which is the book that you like best?
2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?
⑨主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词.
如：
There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.
2.定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:
①当关系代词的前面有介词时，且先行词为物时。
1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. 2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives? ②在非限制性定语从句中.
1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .
2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句)
③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which .
Let me show you the novel，that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. ④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.
Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English. ⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which . What's that which she is looking at? ⑥先行词是those+复数名词.
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.
● who & that:
who 和 that 指代人时，有些情况宜用who
①先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时. 如： 1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.
2.Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason . 3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once 4.I don't like the ones (= those ) who talk big.
②在There be 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who 指代人. 如： 1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you .
2.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses. ③当先行词有较长的后置定语时. 如：
I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.