二○一二届毕业设计
链条式四层升降横移立体车库总体设计
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四层立体停车库（链条式）总体设计
摘 要
立体车库是专门实现各种车辆的自动停放及科学寄存的仓储设施。随着城市汽车保有量的不断增加，停车难问题己经成为大中型城市的一个普遍现象。机械式立体车库可充分利用上地资源，发挥空间优势，最大限度地停放车辆，成为解决城市静态交通问题的重要途径。本课题以较为典型的升降横移式立体车库为研究对象，综合考虑立体车库制造成本和运行效率的双重因素。
本文在对国内外车库现状及发展趋势做了充分调研的基础上，选择四层七列式车库结构为研究模型。升降横移式立体车库就其组成部分而言，可分为三大部分：车库结构部分、传动机构部分和控制系统部分。本文简单介绍了车库的主体结构和特点，对车库的控制系统也作了简单的说明，依据升降横移式立体车库的运行原理，运用力学理论对升降横移式立体车库的结构进行了全面的力学分析，包括升降横移式立体车库的框架结构的强度、横移传动系统中轴的强度和升降传动系统中轴的强度等。为了使停车设备满足使用要求，根据国家关于机械式停车设备通用安全要求的标准、升降横移式立体车库的实际，在升降横移式立体车库中使用了一些必要的安全技术，这样保证了车辆的绝对安全，使得整个车库可以安全平稳的运行。
关键词：立体车库，控制系统，可编程序控制器，钢结构。
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四层立体停车库（链条式）总体设计
Abstract：
Stereo garage is the storage which is used for automatic parking and scientific storage of kinds of automobile.As the quantity of urban automobile has increased continuously in nowadays,the hard-to-Park Problem has become a common phenomenon.Mechanical stereo garage can use land resource sufficiently and bring space advantage into play,and maximize the number of parking cars.It has become an important way for statictraffic problem of cities.The issue studies the type mechanical parking system which named up-down and translation stereo garage,and regards of the two factors of cost of manufacture and operational efficiency synthetically.
On the basis of investigation on current situation and developing trend of garage in domestic and abroad,we choose four-layer and seven-formulistic garage structure as the research model.According to the form of the dragging-forms of multi player up-down and translationear-base,it is made of three parts:partofear-basestructure、part of driving-framework and part of control system.The paper simply introduces main structure and characteristics of garage and also gives a short introduction to its control system.The finite element reliability checking of steel structure of garage is utilized according to the operation principle of up-down and translation stereo garage,the mechanics was used to comprehensively analyze the up-down and translation stereo garage.Including intension of the framework structure and axes, etc.In order to satisfy using demand in design stereo garage,according to criterion of mechanical parking systems-general safety requirement and the facts of the up-down and translation stereo garage the Paper introduced some safety technique which was used in the up-down and translation stereo garage.This can ensure absolute safety for Car and make the whole stereo garage safety and running smooth.
Keywords：Stereo garage,Control system,PLC,Steel structure .
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四层立体停车库（链条式）总体设计
前言 .................................................................................................................................................. 1 第1章 绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 机械停车库的产品特点及优势 ............................................................................... 2 1.2 国内外研究现状 ....................................................................................................... 2
1.2.1 国外研究现状 ................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 国内研究现状 ................................................................................................... 3 1.2.3 主要发展趋势 ................................................................................................... 3 1.3 立体车库的分类及特点 ........................................................................................... 4 1.4 升降横移式立体车库简介 ....................................................................................... 6
1.4.1 立体车库工作原理 ........................................................................................... 6 1.4.2 立体车库机械部分部件结构和功能 ............................................................... 7 1.5 升降横移式立体停车库的优越性 ........................................................................... 9 1.6 设计原始资料 ......................................................................................................... 10 第2章 传动系统设计 ......................................................................................................... 11
2.1 电动机的选择 ......................................................................................................... 11
2.1.1 升降运动电机的选择 ..................................................................................... 11 2.1.2 横移运动电机的选择 ..................................................................................... 11 2.2 减速器的选择 ......................................................................................................... 12
2.2.1 升降系统减速器的选择及计算 ..................................................................... 12 2.2.2 横移系统减速器的选择及计算 ..................................................................... 16 2.3 其他传动部件的计算 ............................................................................................. 25
2.3.1 轴的计算与校核 ............................................................................................. 25 2.3.2 载车板提升链校核 ......................................................................................... 27 2.3.3 键的选择和校核： ......................................................................................... 28 2.3.4 联轴器的选择 ................................................................................................. 30
第3章 立体车库结构设计 ................................................................................................. 31
3.1 概述 ......................................................................................................................... 31
3.1.1 结构设计的重要性 ......................................................................................... 31 3.1.2 机构体系选择 ................................................................................................. 31 3.1.3 结构尺寸确定 ................................................................................................. 32 3.1.4 立体车库受力情况分析 ................................................................................. 32 3.2 立体车库钢结构分析设计与校核 ......................................................................... 33
3.2.1 导轨支撑梁的设计与校核 ............................................................................. 33 3.2.2 立柱的设计与校核 ......................................................................................... 35 3.2.3 托架横梁设计与校核 ..................................................................................... 37 3.2.4 托架纵梁设计与校核 ..................................................................................... 39 3.3 安全防护机构的设计 ............................................................................................. 39 第4章 连接设计 ................................................................................................................. 40
4.1 钢结构的连接种类和特点 ..................................................................................... 40
4.1.1 钢结构的连接方法 ......................................................................................... 40 4.1.2 焊接连接的特点 ............................................................................................. 40 4.1.3 螺栓连接的特点 ............................................................................................. 40 4.1.4 铆钉连接的特点 ............................................................................................. 40 4.2 纵梁与柱的连接设计 ............................................................................................. 41
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四层立体停车库（链条式）总体设计
4.2.1 搭接板与柱的焊接连接设计 ......................................................................... 41 4.2.2 搭接板与悬伸支撑托座（牛腿）的焊接连接设计 ..................................... 42 4.2.3 纵梁与悬伸支撑托座（牛腿）的螺栓连接设计 ......................................... 44 4.3 柱与柱的拼接连接设计 ......................................................................................... 45 4.4 纵梁与纵梁的拼接连接设计 ................................................................................. 45
4.4.1 梁的拼接分析 ................................................................................................. 45 4.4.2 螺栓的选用及验算 ......................................................................................... 45 4.5 横梁与柱的连接设计 ............................................................................................. 46
4.5.1 ................................................................................................................................ 46 4.5.1 设计条件 ......................................................................................................... 47 4.5.2 柱与搭接板1的焊缝计算 ............................................................................. 47 4.5.3 横梁与搭接板2的焊缝计算 ......................................................................... 48 4.5.4 搭接板1与搭接板2的螺栓连接设计 ......................................................... 48 4.6 柱脚设计 ................................................................................................................. 48
4.6.1 设计条件 ......................................................................................................... 48 4.6.2 柱脚底板尺寸确定 ......................................................................................... 49 4.6.3 底板下混凝土受最大压应力校核 ................................................................. 49 4.6.4 锚栓强度校核 ................................................................................................. 51 4.6.5 柱脚底板厚度计算 ......................................................................................... 51 4.6.6 锚栓支承加劲肋的计算 ................................................................................. 52 4.6.7 柱与底板的焊接设计 ..................................................................................... 52 4.6.8 加强筋与底板的焊接设计 ............................................................................. 52
第5章 屋盖设计 ................................................................................................................. 53
5.1 屋架设计 ................................................................................................................. 53
5.1.1 设计条件 ......................................................................................................... 53 5.1.2 屋架形式及几何尺寸确定 ............................................................................. 53 5.1.3 杆件的设计 ..................................................................................................... 53 5.1.4 节点计算 ......................................................................................................... 57 5.2 檩条设计 ................................................................................................................. 60
5.2.1 设计条件 ......................................................................................................... 60 5.2.2 初选截面 ......................................................................................................... 60 5.2.3 载荷计算 ......................................................................................................... 61 5.2.4 内力计算 ......................................................................................................... 62 5.2.5 强度验算 ......................................................................................................... 62 5.2.6 刚度验算 ......................................................................................................... 63 5.2.7 檩条与屋架连接设计 ..................................................................................... 63 5.3 屋面设计 ................................................................................................................. 64
5.3.1 设计条件 ......................................................................................................... 64 5.3.2 初选截面 ......................................................................................................... 64 5.3.3 压型钢板与檩条的连接设计 ......................................................................... 64
第6章 结论与展望 ............................................................................................................. 66
6.1 结论 ......................................................................................................................... 66 6.2 展望 ......................................................................................................................... 66 参考文献 ........................................................................................................................................ 68
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