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年产1.5万吨乙醇--水精馏塔塔顶全凝器的工艺设计
目录
摘要 ............................................................................................................................................ 3 化工原理课程设计任务书 ........................................................................................................ 4 1. 确定设计方案 ..................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 选择列管换热器的类型 ............................................................................................. 6 1.2 选择冷却剂的类型和进出口温度 ............................................................................. 6
1.2.1冷却剂的类型 ................................................................................................... 6 1.2.2进出口温度： ................................................................................................... 6 1.3 查阅介质的物性数据 ................................................................................................. 7
1.3.1 水的物性数据 .................................................................................................. 7 1.3.2 乙醇的物性数据 .............................................................................................. 7 1.4 选择冷热流体流动的空间及流速 ............................................................................. 8
1.4.1 冷热流体流动空间的选择： .......................................................................... 8 1.4.2冷热流体流动的流速： ................................................................................... 9
2. 估算换热器的传热面积S ................................................................................................ 10
2.1 计算热负荷Q ........................................................................................................... 10 2.2 计算平均温度 ........................................................................................................... 10 2.3 估算换热面积 ........................................................................................................... 11 3. 初选换热器规格 ............................................................................................................... 11 4. 校核换热器的传热面积 ................................................................................................... 11
4.1 换热器的实际换热面积 ........................................................................................... 11 4.2 校核总传热系数 ...................................................................................................... 12
4.2.1计算管程对流传热系数?i........................................................................... 12 4.2.2计算壳程对流传热系数?0 ............................................................................ 12 4.2.3确定污垢热阻 ................................................................................................. 13 4.2.4总传热系数K0 ................................................................................................ 13 4.2.5核算壁温与冷凝器流型 ................................................................................. 13
5. 计算压降 ........................................................................................................................... 14
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5.1 计算管程压降 ........................................................................................................... 14 6. 管程和壳程的管口设计 ................................................................................................... 15
6.1 冷流体进出口接管直径计算 ................................................................................... 15 6.2 热流体进出口管直径计算 ....................................................................................... 16
6.2.1进口直径计算 ................................................................................................. 16 6.2.2出口直径计算 ................................................................................................. 16
7. 其他主要附件 ................................................................................................................... 16
7.1 折流挡板 ................................................................................................................... 16 7.2 拉杆、定距管 ........................................................................................................... 17 7.3 防冲挡板 ................................................................................................................... 18
7.4 换热管 ....................................................................................................................... 18 7.5 法兰和管板 ............................................................................................................... 19 7.6 垫片 ........................................................................................................................... 19 8. 换热器主要工艺结构尺寸和计算结果一览表 ............................................................... 19 9. 结束语 ............................................................................................................................... 20 符号说明 .................................................................................................................................. 21 参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 24
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摘要
全凝器是工业生产过程热量传递中应用较为广泛的一种换热器，在精馏塔塔顶的工艺设计中尤为常见。顾名思义，在全凝器内，发生伴有相变的热蒸汽冷凝，放出大量的潜热，但热流体温度不发生变化。正如该课程设计任务，年产1.5万吨乙醇——水精馏塔塔顶全凝器的工艺设计，就是要解决上述问题。参照化工原理中学到的关于两种流体换热的有关知识,确定介质物性数据，热负荷，流速等，从而选择最佳的标准系列换热器类型，并进行总传热系数，传热面积，管程和壳程的压降等的核算，使其满足工艺要求即可。
Abstract
Total condenser is the heat transfer in industrial processes,which is widely used as a heat exchanger,and it is particularly common in the distillation tower process design. As the name implies, in the whole condenser, the occurrence of the phase transition accompanied by steam condensation heat could emit large amounts of latent heat, but the thermal fluid temperature does not change.The curriculum design task, with an annual 15,000 tons of ethanol - water distillation tower condenser whole process design ,is to solve the above problems.Refer to Chemical Engineering knowledge learned about two kinds of heat transfer fluid,we can determine the dielectric properties of the data, the heat load, flow rate, etc., thus choose the best type of standard series of heat exchangers and for the overall heat transfer coefficient of heat transfer area, tube and shell side pressure drop of accounting,until it can meet the technical requirements.
关键词：全凝器 乙醇—水 相变 标准设备
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