常见的字母与字母组合发音规则
(I)元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则
●元音字母的发音
(一)元音字母a
1.重读开音节/ei/ paper;late;make;lake;face 2.重读闭音节/?/ bag;fat;cat;ladder;mass (*例外:any一些/e/ ;many许多/e/ ) 3.非重读音节 /?/ 或/i/
即:/?/ ——ago;al ong;among;above;aloud
/i/ —— comrade;village;manager;palace;private;necklace *连续相同的辅音(字母),一般只发一个音,而且归属后一个音节段。如上的ladder,village.
4.在字母w或wh后面,发/?/ was;wash;what;want; (*例外:water水/?:/ )
5.a在诸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath组合里 ,重读时均发/a:/ 即:dance;France;chance ask;mask;task;basket class;grass;glass;pass;——(*例外:mass/?/ )
fast;cast;past;last;master;father;path;bath;—— (*例外:maths/?/ )
(二)元音字母e
1.重读开音节/i:/ me;he;she;these;evening 2.重读闭音节/e/ hen;get;set;tell;echo
3.非重读音节/i/ useless;ticket;basket;pocket;before;below;
(三)元音字母i或y
1.重读开音节/ai/ China;try;my;hi;time;guide; 2.重读闭音节/i/ sit;hit;ill;little;system; 3.非重读音节/i/ unit ;study
(四)元音字母o
1.重读开音节/?u/ no;so;go;home;photo;
2.重读闭音节/?/ not;hot;box;fox;cock;cost; 3.非重读音节/?/ purpose;concern 4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前,均发/?/
son;month;come;ton;(*例外:Tom/?/ ) love;dove;glove;above;another mother;brother;become;some
5.两个单词:woman/‘w u-m?n/ 女人(单数);women/‘w i-min/ 女人(复数)
(五)元音字母u
1.重读开音节/ju:/ pupil;stud ent;use;cube 2.重读闭音节 /?/ 或/u/
即:/?/ —— cut;luck;umbrella;us
/u/ —— put;full;pull
3.非重读音节/?/ autumn ;August;support
●元音字母组合的拼读规则
(一)元音字母a的字母组合
1.ai或ay在重读音节中/ei/ rain;train;brain;pain day;may;play;stay;lay
*ay在非重读音里/i/ 或/ei/ Sunday;Monday;Tuesday;Thursday;Friday 2.al+ 绝大多数辅音字母 /?:/ small;wall;call;talk;walk;chalk 或/?: l/ also;always *al后面是k时,只发/?:/
al+f或m时,al发/a:/ half;calm
-al在词尾非重读/(?)l/ medal;metal;(例外 canal运河,重音在后/?l/ ) 3.-ance在重读时/a: ns/ chance;dance;France
在非重读时/? ns/ importance;performance;ambulance 4.-ant非重读/?nt/ assistant;important;peasant
5.-ange一般/eind?/ change;danger;strange ;(*但 orange /ind?/ ) 6.-age 一般/id?/ village;carriage;marriage
7.-ask一般重读时/a: sk/ ask;mask;task ;basket
8.-ass一般重读时/a: s/ class;glass;grass;pass;(*但 mass/?/ ) 9.-ast一般重读时/a: st/ last;past;fast;cast -aste一般/eist/ waste;paste;taste
10.-ath一般/a: θ/ bath;path;(*但 maths/?θ/ ) 或/a: e/ father;rather;(*但 gather/?e/ ) 11.-au一般/?:/ cause;autumn ;August;
(*但 because/?/ ) -augh(t)/?: (t)/ caught;taught;daughter (*例外:laugh/la:f/ )
12.-aw/?:/ draw;saw;law;awful
13.a在字母w或wh后面,a发/?/ was;wash;want;what;(*但 water/?:/ ) 14.-ar重读音时/a:/ party;car;farm;army;yard;hard;star 在字母w或音/w/ 后面时 /?:/ war;warm;warn ;towards; *quarter 在非重读音时/-?/ beggar;dollar;solar
15.-are一般/-ε?/ hare;bare;dare;stare;rare;care;parent 16.-air一般/-ε?/ chair;fair;hair;pair;stair;repair 17.-able 一般/eibl/ able;cable;tabl e;stable
(二)元音字母e的组合
1.-ea重读音节有四个音,分别是下列:
-ea/i:/ team;meat;lead;teach;read;mean;please;steal -ea/e/ threat;bread;meant;read(过去式和过去分词 );peasant -ea/i?/ real;really -ea/ei/ great;break
2.-ee/i:/ feel;week;keep;three;steel;street;sweep;see *但是一个例外:coffee/i/
3.-eer/i?/ deer;pioneer;engineer;volunteer 4.-er重读音节/?:/ her;term;service;Germany 非重读/?/ worker;paper;western;teacher 特殊读法/a:/ clerk 5.-ere/i?/ here;mere
-ere 或者发/ε?/ there;where 6.-ear有三种音,分别是;
-ear/i?/ ear;dear;near;clear;tear (n.);beard -ear /?:/ early;earth;learn;heard -ear /a:/ heart
*tear作为动词时,发/ε?/
7.-ei /ei/ eight;weigh;weight -ei /ai/ height -ei /i:/ receive
8.-ey重读/ei/ they;hey;survey -ey重读/i:/ key
-ey非重读/i/ monkey;donkey;valley;volleyball *-et非重读/it/ pocket;ticket;rocket 9.-ew 一般/ju:/ new;few;knew -ew 或者发/u:/ grew;threw -ew还可以发/?u/ sew 10.-ege /id?/ college
11.-est /i s t/ biggest;modest;happiest;
12.词尾的-ed在浊音后/d/ lived;studied -ed在清音后/t/ worked;finished -ed在字母t或d后/id/ wanted;needed