¡¶Î¢¹Û¾¼Ãѧ¡·¸´Ï°Ìá¸Ù
2007-12-18
µÚ1Õ µ¼ÂÛ
ϡȱÐԵĺÒå ¾¼ÃѧµÄÑо¿¶ÔÏó ΢¹Û¾¼ÃѧµÄ»ù±¾¼ÙÉè
¹æ·¶·ÖÎö·½·¨£¨Normative Research£© ʵ֤·ÖÎö·¨£¨Positive Research£© ¾ùºâ·ÖÎö·½·¨
¾²Ì¬·ÖÎö¡¢±È½Ï¾²Ì¬·ÖÎöÓ붯̬·ÖÎö
µÚ2Õ ÐèÇóÇúÏߺ͹©¸øÇúÏ߸ÅÊöÒÔ¼°ÓйصĻù±¾¸ÅÄî
ÐèÇó£¨demand£©µÄºÒå Ó°ÏìÐèÇóµÄÒòËØ
ÐèÇóº¯Êý£¨demand function£© ÐèÇó±í£¨Demand Schedule£© ÐèÇóÇúÏߣ¨Demand Curve£© ÐèÇó¶¨Àí£¨The Law of Demand£© ¹©¸ø£¨Supply£©µÄºÒå Ó°Ï칩¸øµÄÒòËØ
¹©¸øº¯Êý£¨Supply Function£© ¹©¸ø±í£¨Supply Schedule£©
¹©¸øÇúÏߣ¨Supply Curve£© ¹©¸ø¶¨Àí£¨The Law of Supply£© ¾ùºâ¼Û¸ñµÄ¾ö¶¨
ÐèÇóÁ¿µÄ±ä¶¯£¨Change in Quantity Demanded£© ÐèÇóµÄ±ä¶¯£¨Change in Demand£©
¹©¸øÁ¿µÄ±ä¶¯£¨Change in Quantity Supplied£© ¹©¸øµÄ±ä¶¯£¨change in supply£© ÄÚÉú±äÁ¿£¨endogenous variable£©µÄºÒå ÍâÉú±äÁ¿£¨exogenous variable£©µÄºÒå ÐèÇó¼Û¸ñµ¯ÐԵĺ¬Òå ÐèÇóµÄ¼Û¸ñ»¡µ¯ÐÔµÄÎåÖÖÀàÐÍ ÐèÇóµ¯ÐÔÓëÏúÊÛÊÕÈë
¹©¸øµÄ¼Û¸ñµ¯ÐÔ£¨Price elasticity of supply£© ¹©¸øµ¯ÐÔµÄÀàÐÍ ÐèÇóµÄ½»²æ¼Û¸ñµ¯ÐÔ
ÐèÇóÊÕÈ뵯ÐÔ£¨Income elasticity of demand£© ×î¸ßÏÞ¼Û£¨Price Ceiling£© ×îµÍÏÞ¼Û£¨Price Floor£© ÐèÇóµ¯ÐÔ¡¢¹È¼úÉËÅ©Ó벩Àû¶àÏú
µÚ3Õ ЧÓÃÂÛ
ЧÓã¨Utility£©µÄºÒå »ùÊýЧÓÃÂÛ£¨cardinal utility£©
2
ÐòÊýЧÓÃÂÛ£¨ordinal utility£© ±ß¼ÊЧÓõݼõ¹æÂÉ »ùÊýЧÓÃÂÛÏû·ÑÕß¾ùºâÌõ¼þ
Ïû·ÑÕßÊ£ÓࣨConsumer Surplus£©µÄºÒåÓë¼ÆËã ÎÞ²îÒìÇúÏߣ¨Indifference Curve£©µÄºÒå ÎÞ²îÒìÇúÏßµÄÌØµã
ÉÌÆ·µÄ±ß¼ÊÌæ´úÂÊ£¨marginal rate of substitution £¬MRS£©
ÉÌÆ·µÄ±ß¼ÊÌæ´úÂʵݼõ¹æÂÉ£¨diminishing marginal rate of substitution£©£º Ô¤ËãÔ¼ÊøÏߣ¨Budget Line£©µÄºÒå Ô¤ËãÏßµÄÒÆ¶¯ ÐòÊýЧÓÃÂÛÏû·ÑÕß¾ùºâ
¼Û¸ñ¡ªÏû·ÑÇúÏߣ¨Price-Consumption Curve£© ÊÕÈ롪Ïû·ÑÇúÏߣ¨income-consumption curve£© Õý³£ÉÌÆ·ºÍÁÓµÈÉÌÆ·£¨Normal Good vs. Inferior Good£© ¶÷¸ñ¶ûÇúÏߣ¨Engel Curves£©µÄºÒå ×ÜЧӦ£¨Total Effect£© ÊÕÈëЧӦ£¨Income Effect£© Ìæ´úЧӦ£¨Substitution Effect£© ¼ª·ÒÎïÆ·£¨Giffen good£©
µÚ4ÕÂ Éú²úÂÛ
¿Â²¼¡ªµÀ¸ñÀ˹£¨Cobb-Dauglas£©
Éú²úÖеij¤ÆÚºÍ¶ÌÆÚ£¨The Short Run versus the Long Run£©µÄºÒå
3