Step II. (15mins) 1. Give us a call and the flowers will be delivered to your door. 2. His efforts were not in vain. He finally succeeded in gaining a master degree. 3. Peace, stability and unification contribute most to the development of a nation. 4. Many people living in cities prefer to live in the country. 5. You are very much like my English teacher, kind and patient Step II Activity 3 Grammar: Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of words given in the brackets. 1. It is only through practice_____one will be able to drive skillfully. A. what B. who C. which D. that 2. Not until many years later __ ______ known. A. the whole truth became B. did the whole truth become C. the whole truth become D. the whole truth had become 3. ______ the first to use nuclear weapons. A. At no time China will be B. Never China will be C. At no time will China be D. Will China never be 4. It was not ___ _____ she took off her hat_____I realized she was a famous movie star. A. When; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; when 5. It is the ability to do the job______ matters, not where you come from or what you are. A. what B. one C. that D. it Key to Activity 3 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C Grammar knowledge complement 强调句型（Emphatic Sentences ） 一、强调的基本用法 1. 采用某个单词短语强调，如only, ever, just, alone, very, still, must, too, a great deal of, by far, a lot 进行强调。一般这些词位于被强调成分之前，very 一般在the, this ,that, my, her等限定词和名词间。 e.g. Only when he had handed in his exam paper, did he realize he had forgotten to write down his name. 当他交上试卷时才意识到他忘记了写名字。 2. 采用助动词（do）表示强调，用did, do, does, 助动词放在谓语动词前强调谓语。 e.g. He did tell all that had happened to him. 她确实讲了在他身上发生的一切。 e.g. She does get up early. 她的确起得很早。 e.g. Do be careful next time. 下次一定要小心。 3. 某些有否定意义的词用作状语位于句首时，采用倒装强调句子成分，如：never, seldom, little,not until, not only…but also…, at no time, no sooner…than, hardly…when。 e.g. Never have I found him in such a good mood. 我从没见过他有这么好的心情。 e.g. Hardly had he finished his work when the telephone rang. 电话铃响起的时候，他恰好做完了工作。 e.g. Seldom do I get invited into his office alone. 我很少独自被邀请到他的办公室。 4. 采用强调句型 （1）what…is / was…; （2）It is / was + 强调成分 + that / who / whom + 句子其他成分； （3）if ever 用于引导从句，加强主语； （4）on earth, in the world 用于疑问句中强调，表示“究竟”的意思。 5. “It is/was + 被强调成分 + that / who”结构，被称之为it 强调句型，其中it 没有意思，只帮助改变句子的结构，使其中的一个成分受到强调，被强调的部分通常是主语、宾语或是表示时间、地点和原因的状语。其用法可用下表简明表示 用法 强调句型可以强调的句子成分通常为主语、状语、宾语等，不能用来强调谓语、表语、让步状语及条件状语。 例句 It was in the railway station that I met my old classmate 我星期一是在火车站遇到老同学的。 （强调地点状It was on Monday that I met my classmate in the railway我是星期一在火车站遇到老同学的。（强调时间状语It was my classmate that I met in the railway station on M我星期一在火车站遇到的是我的老同学。（强调宾语强调句型中连接词一般用that, 如果被It was in the park that we met the inspectors this morning强调的部分指人, 可以用who / that, 其今天早晨我们是在公园里遇到检察员的。 他一律用that 不能用which, where, when 等。 在强调结构中， be 动词一律用is / was It is the monitor who wins the first prize in the competiti形式，如果原句的谓语动词是一般过去这次比赛荣获第一名的是班长。 式，就用 was。 until 引导的时间状语从句可以用在强It was not until the class began that he came in. 调句型中，其结构为It is / was not 他直到上课时才来。 until...that... 当强调的是主语时，其谓语动词应和被强调的人和物保持人称、数的一致，如果被强调的主语是人称代词，可以用主格也可以用宾格。 It was I / me who cleaned the classroom. 是我打扫的教室。 ①注意“be”的数和时态。be 在句中总是单数形式，没有复数形式。它的时态通常只有两种：is和was。若原句的谓语动词是各种现在或将来时态，则be 的形式应为is ；若原句的谓语动词是各种过去时态，则be 的形式应为was。 e.g. It is a magazine that Mary will give me tomorrow. 玛丽明天要给我的是一本杂志。 e.g. It is tomorrow that we are going to have a meeting. 我们要开会的时间是明天。 e.g. It was John and Mike who/that saw Mary in the street last night. 约翰和迈克昨晚在街上遇见了玛丽。 ②只有强调作主语用的人时，才用It is / was...who..., 强调其他形式的主语、宾语或状语时，都可用It is / was...that... e.g. It is the teacher who teaches me how to be a respectable man. 就是这位老师教我们如何成为一个值得尊敬的人。 e.g. It is English that Prof. Li teaches us. 李教授教我们的是英语。 e.g. It was in the street that I saw Li Hua that morning. 就是在这条街上，那天早上我遇见了李华。 e.g. It was in 1988 that I worked in a factory. 那是在1988 年，我在一个工厂上班。 ③ 即使被强调的主语是复数形式，it 后面的谓语动词也要用单数形式is 或was。 e.g. It is they who / that often help me with my English study. 就是他们经常帮助我学习英语。 e.g. It was John and Tom who / that cleaned the classroom yesterday. 就是约翰和汤姆昨天打扫了教室。 e.g. It was only the two passengers who / that got hurt. 只是这两位乘客受伤了。 ④ 在强调时间、地点、原因、行为方式等状语时，被强调的部分后面不能用when, where, why, how, 而是用that。 e.g. It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty. 只有当我最近再次阅读他的诗歌时，我才开始欣赏它们的美。 e.g. It was because his mother was ill that he did not go to the party. 是因为他妈妈病了他才没去参加聚会。 e.g. It was only with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued. 在当地导游的帮助下，那个登山者才得以获救。 ⑤ 此结构不能用来强调谓语动词。若要强调谓语动词，则要在谓语动词的原形前面加上助动词do，does 或did。 e.g. I do like ice cream. 我确实喜欢冰激凌。 e.g. Mr. Wu did teach us English 3 years ago. 吴先生确实在3 年前教我们英语。 e.g. She does talk a lot, does not she? 她说的实在太多了，不是吗？ ⑥ 被强调的成分为原句的主语时，that / who 之后的谓语动词应与被强调的名词或代词在人称和数方面保持一致关系，从而选用恰当的动词形式。 e.g. It is you who / that are wrong. 就是你错了。 e.g. It is I who/that am answering the question. 是我在回答问题。 但是如果被强调的部分是人称代词，按理应用人称代词主格形式，但在口语或非正式文体中也可以用其宾格形式，此时that / who 的谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式is 或was。例如： e.g. It is me who is being asked the favor. 是我在被求助。 另外在It is / was..., not...that... 句型中，其谓语动词应与肯定部分的词保持一致关系。例如： e.g. It is my brother, not I that studies in that school. 是我哥哥，不是我，在那所学校读书。 e.g. It is you, not your sister that are in charge of the company. 是你，不是你姐姐，在管理这家公司。 ⑦感叹句的强调结构，既要体现强调句型的形式特征，又要体现感叹句的自然语序。 e.g. How happy he looks! → How happy it is that he looks! 他看起来好开心啊！ e.g. What a clever boy he is! → What a clever boy it is that he is! 多么聪明的男孩！ ⑧强调结构的疑问形式：强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，要在主句中用一般疑问句的顺序。 e.g. Was it you that / who broke the window? 是你打破窗户的吗？ e.g. Was it in the war that he lost his son? 他是在战争中失去了儿子吗？ 强调特殊疑问句中的疑问词，其结构模式是：“疑问词+ is / was + it +that...”。它同感叹句的强调模式极其相似，首先将疑问句开头的部分作为强调部分，套入强调结构，然后再将其变为疑问句。 e.g. Where were you born? → Where was it that you were born? 哪里是你的出生地？ e.g. What did you want to see? → What was it that you wanted to see? 你想看的是什么？ e.g. How many people are being trained for the special work? →How many people is it that are being trained for the special work? 有多少人正在接受这项特别工作的培训？ ⑨在强调“not...until...”句中的时间状语时，要用固定形式“It is / was not until...that...”, 且that从句的谓语动词要用肯定式。 e.g. It was not until he had finished the work that he went home. 他直到完成工作才回家。 e.g. It was not until 12 o’clock last night that my brother came home. 昨晚，我哥哥直到十二点才回家。 二、如何区分强调句型与定语从句、主语从句、状语从句 一般来说，如果把句子中的“It is / was…that”去掉，然后对语序稍加调整，能还原成完整的句子且句子意思依然完整的为强调句；否则应为其他句式。 e.g. It was a small house that I used to live in. 这是我过去住过的小房子。（定语从句） e.g. It was at the school gate that I met an old friend of mine. 我是在学校门口遇到老朋友的。（强调句型） e.g. It was eight o’clock that we reached the small town. 我们到小镇时是8点钟。（时间状语从句） e.g. It was at eight o’clock that we reached the small town. 我们是8点钟到达小镇的。（强调句型） Step III (15mins) Writing Supplementary knowledge of writing 请柬/邀请信(Invitation Card / Letter)