Á¬½á¸Ö½î¾µçº¸Á¬½Ó³ÉÒ»ÕûÌåºó£¬ËùÓÐÍⶵĸֽî¾ùÐè½øÐзÀ¸¯Ê´´¦Àí¡£¿¼Âǵ½À½îÔÚÌîÍÁÖеķֶΣ¬Ö÷ÒªÊÇ·ÀÖ¹Õû¸ùÀ½î¹ý³¤¡¢ÌîÍÁʾ¾ùÔȳÁ½µÊ±Ò»µ¼ÖÂÀ½î¶ÏÁÑ£¬¶øÀ½îµÄ¸÷¸öÁ¬½Ó´¦½öÒ»¸ù¸Ö½îÏàÁª½á£¬ÔÚ»ìÄýÍÁÀ½îµÄ½ØÃæÉϾùΪÈíÈõµÄ¶ÏÃæ£¬Ïà¶Ô¸Õ¶È½ÏС£¬ÇÒ¿ÉÒÔÊÊÓ¦½Ï´óµÄ±äÐΣ¬ËùÒÔÓ¦²ÉÓÃÈáÐÔ·À¸¯²ãµÄ×ö·¨À´´¦Àí£¬¼´ÔÚº¸½ÓÍê³Éºó£¬ÓÃÁ¤ÇàÂé²¼»òÁ¤ÇಣÁ§ÏËά²¼²ø¹ü¶þ²ãºó£¬ÔÙÓÃÁ¤Çàɰ½¬×ö³ÉÓëÀ½îÏàͬµÄ½ØÃ棬¹¹ÔìÈçͼ2-11Ëùʾ¡£
ͼ2-11
5.À½îÊ©¹¤×¢ÒâÊÂÏî
À½îͨ³£²ÉÓÃC20ϸʯ»ìÄýÍÁÔ¤ÖÆ£¬ÓÉÓÚÔ¤ÖÆµÄÊýÁ¿½Ï¶à£¬×îºÃʹÓøÖÄ£°åÊ©ÍÁ;ÔÚ½½×¢À½î»ìÄýÍÁʱһӦ¼ì²é¸Ö½îλÖÃÊÇ·ñÕýÈ·£¬ÒÔ±£Ö¤ÊÜÁ¦¾ùÔȺÍÓÐ×ã¹»µÄ±£»¤²ãºñ¶È£¬Ó¦¼ÓÇ¿µ·¹Ì£¬À½î±íÃæÖ»ÐèÉÔ¼ÓĨƽ¼´¿É£¬²»±Ø¹â»¬£¬ÒÔÔö¼ÓÀ½îµÄĦ²Á×÷Óá£
´ý»ìÄýÍÁÇ¿¶È´ïµ½70%ÒÔÉÏʱһ·½¿É½øÐÐÀ½îµÄ°áÔË£¬°áÔËʱһ±ØÐëעϢÁ½¸öµõµãλÖÃÓ¦¾àÁ½¶ËÔ¼ËÄ·ÖÖ®Ò»½îÌõ³¤¶È´¦£¬Í¬Ê±Ò»Ó¦½«À½î²àÃæÁ¢Æð£¬ÒÔÔö´ó¿¹ÍäÄÜÁ¦¡£ÑϽûÔÚÀ½î¶Ë²¿µ¥µãµõ×°£¬ÒÔ±ÜÃâ·ÅƽʱһÍ侨½Ï´ó£¬µ¼ÖÂÀ½î¶ÏÁÑ¡£À½îµÄ¶Ñ·Å£¬Ó¦Ñ¡ÔñƽÕûµÄ³¡µØ£¬À½îƽ·Åʱ£¬Éϲ¿¶Ñ·ÅʾÒ˳¬¹ý20²ã£¬²àÃæÁ¢·ÅʱʾÒ˳¬¹ý15²ã¡£
À½îƴװʱһ£¬»ìÄýÍÁÇ¿¶È±ØÐë´ïµ½Éè¼ÆÒªÇó¡£·²ÒòÖÊÁ¿ÎÊÌâ»ò°áÔ˹ý³ÌÖУ¬Ôì³ÉÀ½îÆÆËð»ò¿ªÁÑ£¬¾ùʾµÃʹÓá£À½îÆÌÉèʱһ£¬Ó¦°´Éè¼ÆÒªÇóÓɵ¥¸ùÀ½î½Ú×é³É£¬µ×ÃæÓ¦Óë¾¹ýº»Êµ´ïµ½¹æ¶¨ÃÜʵ¶ÈµÄÌîÍÁÏàÃÜÌù£¬Ê¾µÃÓÐÐü¿ÕÏÖÏ󣬷ñÔòÓ¦²ùƽ»òÓÃɰÕÒÆ½£¬ÒÔ±£Ö¤ÊÜÁ¦¾ùÔÈ·ÀÖ¹¶ÏÁѺͲúÉú×ã¹»µÄ¿¹ÀÁ¦¡£À½îͨ³£Éè¼ÆÎª´¹Ö±Ãæ°åˮƽ·ÅÖã¬ÓÐʱһҲ¿ÉÉè¼ÆÎªÈÎÏ¢½Ç¶È£¬µ«ËùÓеÄÀ½îʾӦÓÐÖ±½Ó½Ó´¥ÏÖÏó£¬ÒÔ±£Ö¤À½îÉÏÏÂÁ½ÃæÓëÌîÍÁ½Ó´¥£¬¾ùÄܲúÉúĦ²ÁÁ¦¡£À½îÆÌÉèÍê±Ïºó£¬ÌîÍÁÓ¦Öð²½ÏòÇ°ÍÆ½ø£¬ÈκγµÁ¾¼°»ú¾ßÑϽûÔÚûÓÐÌîÍÁµÄÀ½îÉÏͨ¹ý¡£ À½îÄÚÖ÷½îµÄÁ¬½Ó£¬¾ùÓ¦°´Éè¼ÆÒªÇó±£Ö¤Æäº¸·ì³¤¶ÈµÄÖÊÁ¿¡£·À¸¯´¦ÀíµÄÁ¤ÇàÂé²¼ºÍÁ¤ÇಣÁ§ÏËά²¼ÒËÓë¸Ö½î¹ü½ôÃÜÌù£¬Íâ°üµÄÁ¤Çàɰ½¬Ê©ÍÁʱһ±ßÉÏÓ¦Á¢Ä££¬½¬Ìåµ¹Èëºó±ØÐ뺻ʵÒÔ±£Ö¤ÈáÐÔ·À»¤²ãµÄ×÷Óᣠ2£©ÆäËû²ÄÁϵÄÀ½îÉè¼Æ
ÆäËû²ÄÁÏÈç±â¸Ö¡¢¾Û±ûÏ©ÍÁÍÁ´ø¡¢ÍÁÍÁ¸ñÕ¤µÈ£¬À½îµÄÎÞЧ³¤¶È¡¢ÓÐЧ³¤¶ÈºÍÀ½îÀÁ¦µÈµÄÉè¼Æ¼ÆË㣬ÓëÉÏÊö·½·¨Ïàͬ¡£²ÄÁÏʾͬ£¬½öÓÐ΢С²î±ð¡£ÀýÈçµ±²ÉÓþ۱ûÏ©ÍÁÍÁ´øÎªÀ½îʱһ£¬ÆäÓÐЧ¶Î³¤¶È¼ÆË㹫ʽΪ
3) À½î½ØÃæÉè¼Æ
À½î½ØÃæÉè¼Æ£¬ÓÉÓÚÀ½îµÄÉè¼ÆÀÁ¦ÒÑÖª£¬¸ù¾ÝÀ½î²ÄÁϼ°Æä¿¹ÀÕŶÈÉè¼ÆÖµ£¬¾ÍʾÄÑÈ·¶¨À½îÃæ»ýµÄ´óС¡£ 1.¸Ö°åÀ½î
¸Ö°å×÷À½îʱ£¬¿ÉÓÉÏÂʽ¼ÆËã
ʽÖÐ: Ti - µÚi²ãÀ½îµÄÉè¼ÆÀÁ¦; [¦Ò] - ¸Ö°å¿¹ÀÇ¿¶ÈÉè¼ÆÖµ¡£
³ý°´ÒÔÉϹ«Ê½¼ÆËãÍ⣬»¹Ó¦¿¼ÂÇÓÐ×ã¹»µÄ¸¯Ê´ºñ¶È¡£À½îÈçÓÃÂÝ˨Á¬½Ó£¬Æä¼ôÇС¢¼·Ñ¹Ç¿¶È¼°º¸½Óʱǿ¶È£¬¾ùÓ¦°´Óйع涨¼ÆËãÈ·¶¨¡£ 2.¸Ö½î»ìÄýÍÁÀ½î
¸Ö½î»ìÄýÍÁÀ½î£¬Ó¦°´ÖÐÐÄÊÜÀ¹¹¼þ¼ÆËã¡£¼ÆËãÇóµÃ¸Ö½îÖ±¾¶Ó¦Ôö¼Ó2mm£¬×÷ΪԤÁô¸¯Ê´Á¿¡£Îª·ÀÖ¹¸Ö½î»ìÄýÍÁÀ½î±»Ñ¹ÁÑ¡¢À½îÄÚÓ¦²¼ÖÃ?4µÄ·ÀÁÑÌúË¿¡£ 3.¾Û±ûÏ©ÍÁÍÁ´øÀ½î
¾Û±ûÏ©ÍÁÍÁ´ø°´ÖÐÐÄÊÜÀ¹¹¼þ¼ÆË㡣ͨ³£¸ù¾ÝÊÔÑ飬²âµÃºÎ¸ùÀ½î¼«ÏÞ¶ÏÁÑÀÁ¦£¬È¡Æä1/5-1/7ΪºÎ¸ùÀ½îµÄÉè¼ÆÀÁ¦¡£×îºó£¬¸ù¾ÝÉè¼ÆÀÁ¦¶øÇó³öºÎÃ×À½îµÄʵ¼Ê¸ùÊý¡£ 4.ÍÁÍÁ¸ñÕ¤
Èç¹ûÍÁÍÁ¸ñÕ¤À½îÊÇÑØÇ½³¤Á¬ÐøÆÌÉ裬ÔòÓ¦Âú×ãºÎÑÓÃ׿¹À¶ÏÇ¿¶È´óÓÚÀ½îÉè¼ÆÇ¿ ¶ÈµÄÒªÇó¡£ Îå¡¢ÌîÁϵÄÑ¡Ôñ
¼Ó½îÍÁÌîÁÏ¿ÉÒÔÊÇ×ÔÈ»ÍÁ»òÍÁÒµ¼ÓÍÁ²ÄÁÏ£¬µ«Éú»îÀ¬»øºÍһЩÐÔÖÊÌØÊâµÄÍÁ£¬È縯ֳÍÁ¡¢°×ƽÍÁµÈʾÄÜ×÷ΪÌîÁÏ¡£ÓÉÓÚÌîÍÁÓëÀ½îµÄ¹ØÏµ¶Ô½á¹¹µÄÎȶ¨ÐÔºÍÄ;ÃÐÔÆðמö¶¨ÐÔµÄ×÷Óã¬ËùÒÔ¶Ô¼Ó½îÍÁÌîÁϵÄÒªÇóÓëÒ»°ãÌîÍÁ·µÌµÄÌîÁÏÓÐËùʾͬ£¬ÌåÏÖÔÚÈçÏÂÈýÏî±ê×¼ÉÏ:ÍÁÍÁ±ê×¼¡¢»¯Ñ§±ê×¼ºÍµç»¯Ñ§±ê×¼¡£ ÍÁÍÁ±ê×¼°üÀ¨Á¦Ñ§±ê×¼ºÍÊ©ÍÁ±ê×¼¡£¹æ¶¨ÍÁÍÁ±ê×¼ÊÇΪÁ˶ÔÍÁÓëÀ½îÖ®¼äµÄËÆÄ¦²ÁϵÊý(À½îÓëÌîÍÁÖ®¼äµÄĦ²ÁϵÊýʾ´¿´âÊÇÒ»°ã²ÄÁϼäµÄ»¬¶¯Ä¦²ÁϵÊý£¬ÎªÁ˱ãÓÚÇø±ð£¬ÒýÓÃËÆÄ¦²ÁϵÊý)×÷±ØÒªµÄš֯£¬ÒÔ±£Ö¤½á¹¹µÄÎȶ¨¡£Á¦Ñ§±ê×¼Ö÷ÒªÊÇÈ·¶¨ÌîÁϵÄÄÚĦ²Á½ÇºÍÌîÁÏÓëÀ½îÖ®¼äµÄËÆÄ¦²ÁϵÊý¡£Ò»°ãΪÁËÇóµÃÌîÁÏÓëÀ½îÖ®¼äµÄËÆÄ¦²ÁϵÊý£¬±ØÐë½øÐÐÀ½îµÄÀ°ÎÊÔÑ飬µ«ÍùÍùʾÊǺÎÒ»¸öÍÁ³Ì¶¼¾ß±¸Ìõ¼þµÄ£¬ÎªÁËʵÓÃÆð¼û£¬¿ÉÒÔ²¿·ÖµØÓÃÁ£¶È²â¶¨±ê×¼À´´úÌæÕâÖÖĦ²Á±ê×¼¡£ ÓÉÓÚ¼Ó½îÍÁÌîÖþʱһÐèÖð²ãÆÌÉèÀ½î£¬ºÎ²ãºñ¶ÈºÜС£¬Ò»°ãΪ0.3-0.5m£¬ËùÒÔÌîÁÏÁ£¾¶×î´óʾµÃ³¬¹ý250mm¡£¹úÍâ¾ø´ó²¿·Ö¼Ó½îÍÁ½á¹¹µÄÌîÍÁ²ÄÁÏ£¬ÊDzÉÓÃĦ²ÁϵÊý´óµÄɰÐÔÍÁ¡£Ò»°ãÈÏΪճÐÔÍÁʾÒË×÷¼Ó½îÍÁ½á¹¹ÎïµÄÌîÁÏ£¬ÕâÖ÷ÒªÊÇÒòΪճÐÔÍÁÅÅË®Ìõ¼þ²î£¬ÊÜÁ¦ºó¿×϶ˮѹÁ¦Ôö´ó¶øÏûÉ¢Âý£¬ÓÚÊÇÒªÇó·ÅÂýÊ©ÍÁËÙ¶È»ò²ÉÓýϸߵݲȫϵÊý;Õ³ÐÔÉÏÊÜÁ¦±äÐÎÍùÍù³ÊÏÖµ¯ËÜÐÔ״̬£¬´Ó¶øÔÚÊ©ÍÁʱһÔö¼ÓÁËÎ»ÒÆµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ;ÓÉÓÚÕ³ÐÔÍÁ¾ßÓÐÈä±äÐÔ£¬½«ÓнϴóµÄDZÔÚÎ»ÒÆÁ¿£¬Ôì³ÉʹÓÃÆÚµÄÂé·³¡£
Ê©ÍÁ±ê×¼Ö÷ÒªÊÇÖ¸¿ØÖÆÌîÍÁµÄÊ©ÍÁÖÊÁ¿ÎÊÌâ¡£ÌîÍÁµÄÊ©ÍÁÖÊÁ¿ÈçºÎ£¬¶Ô½á¹¹
Îȶ¨ÐÔÓкܴóÓ°Ïì¡£¶øÆäÖйؼüÊÇÌîÍÁµÄѹʵ£¬ËùÒÔÊ©ÍÁʱһӦ}Ò»·ÖÈÏÕæ¡£ÌîÍÁÊ©ÍÁÖÊÁ¿¹ÜÀíÓëÒ»°ã·»ùÌîÍÁÍÁ³ÌÒªÇóÏàͬ£¬ÌîÍÁÓ¦·Ö²ãѹʵ£¬ºÎ²ãÌîÍÁºñ¶ÈÓ¦ÊÓÌîÍÁµÄÐÔÖÊ¡¢ÃܶÈÒªÇóºÍѹʵ´ÎÊýͨ¹ýÊÔÑéÈ·¶¨£¬Í¬Ê±Ò»»¹Ð迼ÂǼӽîÍÁµ²Ç½Ãæ°åµÄÀàÐÍ£¬Ó¦ËæÀ½îÔÚ´¹Ö±·½ÏòÉϵļä¾àʾͬ¶ø±ä»¯¡£ÓÉÓÚÌîÍÁÈ¡²ÄÀ´Ô´Ê¾Í¬£¬ÌîÍÁµÄ²ÄÁÏÐÔÖʲîÒ죬ËùÒÔ¶ÔÌîÍÁµÄÄëѹ´ÎÊýÈ¡¾öÓÚÄëѹ±ê×¼£¬Ò²ÓëÄëѹÉ豸µÈ¼¼ÊõÌõ¼þÓйأ¬¼Ó½îÍÁÄëѹÃÜʵ¶ÈÓ¦·ûºÏÓйع淶µÄ¹æ¶¨£¬Ò»°ã¿ØÖÆÔÚ90%ÒÔÉÏ¡£Ê©ÍÁʱһ»¹Ó¦¿ØÖÆÌîÁϵĺ¬Ë®Á¿ºÍÍÁÖÐÇ×Ë®¿óÎïÖʺ¬Á¿£¬ÒÔÀûÓÚÌîÍÁµÄѹʵ¡£Èç¹ûÌîÍÁÍÁÖÊʾÁ¼£¬Ñ¹ÊµÊ¾×㣬ÎÞÂÛÊÇÍÁÖк¬Ë®Á¿¹ý´ó»òÓйý¶àµÄ¿×϶£¬²»½öÓ°Ïì¼Ó½îÍÁµ²Ç½µÄÎȶ¨£¬¶øÇÒ¶¼½«¼ÓËÙÀ½îµÄ¸¯Ê´ËÙ¶È¡£
»¯Ñ§±ê×¼ºÍµç»¯Ñ§±ê×¼Ö÷ÒªÊÇÖ¸ÍÁÌåµÄµç×èÂÊ¡¢pHÖµºÍÈܽâÑκ¬Á¿¡£½ðÊô¶àΪʾÎȶ¨µÄ¹ÌÌ壬ÓëÖÜΧ»·¾³ÖеÄÎïÖÊÈÝÒׯð»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦£¬ÒÔÖ±íÃæ±äÖÊ¡¢ÍâÐÎË𻵡¢ºñ¶È¼õС¡¢Êܵ½¸¯Ê´¡£¸¯Ê´µÄ¹ý³ÌʵÖÊÉÏÊǵ绯ѧ¹ý³Ì£¬ÔÚµç½âʱһ£¬Á½¼«Ö®¼ä²úÉúµçλ²î£¬ÔÚµç½âÖÊÖеçÁ÷ͨ¹ý½ðÊô±íÃæ´ÓÑô¼«Á÷µ½Òõ¼«£¬ÐγÉÍêÕûµÄµç·¡£hp¼«Ê§È¥µÄ½ðÊôͬµçÁ÷µÄÇ¿¶È³ÉÕý±È£¬ÌîÁϵĵç×èÂÊΪµ¼µçÂʵĵ¹Êý£¬ÓÃÒÔ×÷ΪÌîÁÏ¿ÉÄÜͨ¹ýµçÁ÷Ç¿¶ÈµÄ²ÎÊý£¬ÏÔÈ»ÌîÁϵç×èÂʴ󣬵¼µçÐÔÄܲ¶Ô¼Ó½îÍÁ½á¹¹·ÀÖ¹¸¯Ê´ÊÇÓÐÀûµÄ¡£µç×èÂʵĴóСȡ¾öÓÚÍÁÖпÉÈÜÑεĺ¬Á¿£¬Ôںܴó³Ì¶ÈÉÏ
?Ëæ×ű¥ºÍ¶È¶ø±ä»¯¡£ÌîÁÏÖеÄË®ÖÐÂÈ»¯Îï(Cl?)ºÍÁòËá¸ùÀë×Ó(SO2)µÄŨ¶ÈÒ»°ã4Ó¦·ûºÏÏÂÊö¹æ¶¨:
?ÎÞË®ÍÁ³Ì:[Cl?]¡Ü200mg/kg,[SO2]¡Ü1000mg/kg 4?ÓÐË®ÍÁ³Ì:[Cl?]¡Ü100mg/kg,[SO2]¡Ü500mg/kg 4ÌîÁϵÄpHÖµ¼´ÊÇÖ¸ÍÁµÄËá¼î¶È£¬Ò»°ã¹æ¶¨ÔÚ5-12·¶Î§Ö®ÄÚ¡£ Áù¡¢¼Ó½îÍÁµ²ÍÁǽÎȶ¨ÐÔÑéËã
¼Ó½îÍÁµ²ÍÁǽÎȶ¨ÐÔÑéËã°üÀ¨ÄÚ²¿Îȶ¨ÐÔÑéËãºÍÍⲿÕûÌåÎȶ¨ÐÔÑéËãÁ½¸ö·½Ãæ¡£
1) ÄÚ²¿Îȶ¨ÐÔÑéËã
ÄÚ²¿Îȶ¨ÐÔÑéËãÊDZ£Ö¤¼Ó½îÍÁµ²ÍÁǽÔÚÌîÍÁ×ÔÖØºÍÍⲿºÉÔØ×÷ÓÃϱ£³ÖÎÈ
¶¨£¬¶Ô¼Ó½îÅäÖÃËù×÷µÄ·ÖÎöÑéËã¡£¼´ÊÓÉÏÊö·ÖÎöµÄÍÁѹÁ¦Îª×÷ÓÃÁ¦£¬¶Ô¼Ó½îÍÁµ²ÍÁǽµÄ¿¹°Î¡¢Ç㸲µÈÆÆ»µÐÎʽÔÚ¸÷ÖÖºÉÔØÌõ¼þϵݲȫϵÊý½øÐзÖÎö¡£
ÑéË㿹°Î¡¢Ç㸲Îȶ¨Ê±Ò»£¬Ó¦¿¼ÂÇÓкÉÔØºÍÎÞºÉÔØÁ½ÖÖÇé¿ö£¬²¢·Ö±ðÑéËãµ¥°åºÍȫǽ¿¹°ÎÎȶ¨¡£
µ¥°å¿¹°ÎÎȶ¨(ʾ¼ÆÀ½îÁ½²àĦ×èÁ¦):
ʽÖÐ:Kpi - µ¥°å¿¹°ÎÎȶ¨ÏµÊý;
Sfi - µ¥°å¿¹°ÎÁ¦(µ¥¸ùÀ½îµÄĦ²ÁÁ¦)(kÃæ> ; Exi - µ¥°å³ÐÊܵÄˮƽÍÁѹÁ¦(kÃæ> o
µ¥°å¿¹°ÎÎȶ¨ÏµÊýʾÒËСÓÚ2.U£¬Ìõ¼þÀ§ÄÑʱһ¿ÉÊʵ±¼õС£¬µ«Ê¾µÃСÓÚ1.5¡£ ȫǽ¿¹°ÎÎȶ¨ÏµÊýKpʾӦСÓÚ2.0£¬Ó¦°´ÏÂʽ½øÐмÆËã:
ʽÖÐ:Kp - ȫǽ¿¹°ÎÎȶ¨ÏµÊý;
¡ÆSfi - ¸÷²ãÀ½î²úÉúĦ²ÁÁ¦µÄ×ܺÍ(kN) ¡ÆExi - ¸÷²ãÀ½î·¶Î§ÄÚÍÁѹÁ¦µÄ×ܺÍ((kN) 2) ÍⲿÎȶ¨ÐÔÑéËã
¼Ó½îÍÁµ²ÍÁǽµÄÍⲿÎȶ¨ÐÔ¼´ÕûÌåÎȶ¨ÐÔÑéË㣬¡¯ÒѰüÀ¨»¬¶¯¡¢µØ»ù³ÐÔØÁ¦¡¢¿¹Ç㸲ÈýÏîÖ÷ÒªÄÚÈÝ¡£ÆäÑéËã·½·¨Êǽ«¼Ó½îµ²ÍÁǽ(¼´¼Ó½îÌå)ÊÓΪһ¡°ÍÁǽ¡±£¬È»ºó°´Ò»°ãÖØÁ¦Ê½µ²ÍÁǽµÄÎȶ¨ÑéËã·½·¨´¦Àí¡£
1.µØ»ù³ÐÔØÁ¦
°´¡¶Ìú··»ùÖ§µ²½á¹¹Éè¼Æ¹æ·¶¡·¹æ¶¨:»ùµ×ѹӦÁ¦¦ÒÓ¦°´ÏÂʽ¼ÆËã: