格式条款论文：格式条款 效力限制 原则 立法 司法
【中文摘要】在市场经济迅速发展和日益繁荣的今天,格式条款广泛的出现在人们的经济生活当中,成为现代合同发展的一种趋势。格式条款运用的便利和高效有利于降低交易成本,使合同交易的双方摆脱纷繁的合同谈判,从而把的精力投入到经营管理中去；但是格式条款存在着巨大的缺陷,提供格式条款的一方经常利用其政治和经济优势规定许多不公平的条款,侵害相对方的利益。正是由于格式条款的上述特点,各国均承认格式条款对现代经济发展的重要作用,并在试图发挥格式条款长处的同时对其予以限制,特别是通过法律以克服其缺陷。我国《合同法》第39条-41条及其司法解释也对格式条款制度作出了明确的规定。然而格式条款制度中涉及最重要的问题是格式条款效力的问题,即如何在合同自由的原则下,对格式条款的效力进行综合调控和界定。我国《合同法》只有第40条对格式条款效力问题作出了规定,尽管其司法解释有进一步的补充,但是其对格式条款效力的规定仍然很抽象、很原则,要实际操作起来仍然具有不小的难度,无法适应格式条款在当今经济生活中运用的局面。由于对格式条款效力制度研究得不深入和立法的匮乏与不足,导致其不能很好地为格式条款的相对人提供有力的法律保障和维护正常的经济秩序。因此,对格式条款效力的研究是我国民法研究中的一个非常重要并且有待深入发掘的领域,对格式条款的深入研究具有深远的理论和实践意义。本文正是基于上述原因,在以案例为基础的前提下,以提出问题、
分析问题和解决问题的方式研究格式条款效力的。本文除引言、案例和结语外,共分为5个部分：第一部分：格式条款的概述。本部分通过对格式条款概念的界定,让读者对格式条款的基本概念有一个形象的认识；然后对格式条款的特征进行了详细地分析和阐述,从而使读者明白格式条款在经济生活中广泛运用的原因和意义。第二部分：格式条款的效力限制。本部分首先从格式条款的利弊出发,强调了对格式条款进行限制的必要性；然后阐述了在立法与司法上对格式条款的限制。第三部分：对格式条款的效力进行限制的标准。本部分首先详细介绍了判断格式条款效力的两个民法基本原则,即公序良俗原则和诚实信用原则；然后阐述了违反民法和合同法强行性规定的格式条款无效；最后探讨了判断格式条款效力的具体法律依据。第四部分：对格式条款的效力进行限制的结果。本部分首先从《合同法》关于划分合同效力的四个类型入手,并根据格式条款在实际运用中的情况,详细介绍了格式条款效力的三种类型：即格式条款的有效类型、相对无效和绝对无效。第五部分：指出我国格式条款制度在立法与司法上的不足,然后提出相应的建议方法。
【英文摘要】As long as the prosperity of the market economy, standard contract terms appear in people’ economic life widely and become a developing trend of the contract. The use of standard contract terms is good for decreasing the trading cost, and makes the two parts get rid of the numerous negotiations because of the convenience and high-effect. But standard
contract terms also have big defect that the providing part may state many unfair terms for its politic and economic advantage, which could infringe the other part’s benefit. As to these characters, almost all countries admit the importance of standard contract terms for modern economic development, and give restriction while trying to develop it, especially pass law to overcome its defect. The Article 39-41 of the Contract Law of China and their judicatory explanation also make clear regulations to standard contract terms. But the key point in the system of standard contract terms is the effectiveness of it---how to control and judge the effect of standard contract terms comprehensively, under the principle of contract freedom. The only regulation to the effectiveness of standard contract terms is Article 40 of the Contract Law of China and its judicatory explanation, which is very abstract and principle and difficult to practice, can not satisfy the need of the ordinary economic life. For the defects of standard contract terms system and the loss of the legislation, the other part of the contract can not get powerful legal security and the normal economic order can not be protected. So the research to the effectiveness of standard contract terms is a very important area needing deep exhumation, and meaningful in