外研版英语（四年级下）主要知识点整理
（例句都是课本中原句）
1. 祈使句：表示请求、命令、建议、禁止、祝愿等的句子。 祈使句一般省略主语，谓语动词用原形，句子末尾一般用感叹号。否定形式在动词原形前加Don’t.
eg: (1) Let’s make a newspaper! （肯定祈使句）
(2) Don’t walk on the grass! （否定祈使句）
2. 一般现在时：经常发生的动作或状态 (常与always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week/year, on Sundays ...连用) (1) be动词的一般现在时：
I am, We/You/They are, He/She/It is，There is+可数名词单数形式或不可数名词, There are + 可数名词复数形式 eg: It’s not beautiful, but it’s helpful.
(2) 行为动词的一般现在时：（单数第三人称的变化是重点、易错点; 否定句和疑问句需加助动词，单数第三人称用does, doesn’t，其他人称用do, don’t, ）
eg: (1)This machine cuts the potatoes. (2) Does he live in New York?
(3) Fish live in the river and birds live in the tree. (***注意fish单数和复数写法一样，后面接谓语动词要用原形。另外，sheep和deer单复数也同形)
3. 一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或状态（常与...ago, yesterday, the
1
day before yesterday, last week/year/month, once upon a time, one day, the next day, in 2019...连用） (1) be动词的一般过去时：
I/He/She/It was, We/You/They were, There was+单数名词或不可数名词, There were + 可数名词复数形式
eg：Once upon a time, there was a boy. (讲故事常用开头说法) (2) 行为动词的一般过去时：(否定句和疑问句助动词用did, didn’t，不区分人称) ①一般动词变化：
构成法：1. 动词原形+ed. 如：look--looked
2. 以不发音e结尾的词+d. 如：live--lived 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，改y为i, 再加ed. 如：study--studied, cry--cried.
4. 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词（辅元辅结构），双写这个辅音字母，再加ed. 如: clap--clapped, stop--stopped, prefer--preferred
①不规则动词变化：如had, said, put, saw, got, ran, learnt(英式写法), bought, came, took, went等
eg1: The animals had a concert last week. eg2: The next day, the boy ran to the village again. eg3: What did he play yesterday?
eg4: When did you get up last Sunday? I got up at 8 o’clock.
4. 一般将来时：表示还没有发生但将要发生的事情或动作(常与
2
tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year/month/week, soon, in the future, in ... minutes/hours/days...连用 )
(1) Be going to+ 动词原形：多表示即将发生，最近打算、计划、安排好要做的事情，主观性较强 (区分人称，be动词用am/ is/ are) eg: She’s going to visit Australia.
(2) Will+动词原形：多表示即将发生的动作或状态，不受主观因素影响的单纯的将来，客观性较强 (不区分人称，都用will) eg: We will go to the zoo this Sunday.
5. 现在进行时：表示正在进行或发生的动作 (常与now, at present, at this moment, Look! Listen!连用) 构成：Be动词+动词的现在分词 动词的现在分词构成法：
(1)一般规则：动词+ing, 如: work--working.
(2) 以不发音e结尾的动词去掉e加ing. 如: live--living, have--having. (3) 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词（辅元辅结构），双写这个辅音字母，再加ing. 如: swim--swimming, clap--clapping, refer--referring.
(4) 以ie结尾的重读开音节词，改ie为y, 再加ing. 如: die--dying，lie--lying
eg: (1) What’s happening now?
(2) Daming is making a card for his father. (3) We are having a party. 6. 购物相关话题： （1）I want to buy a pen.
3