Delegates, staff: Hello! in the run-up to the Spring Festival, we held one session of four staff representatives Conference 2013-workshop, full back in 2012, careful analysis of the current situation, discuss 2013 development plans. Here, on behalf of my company 2013 work reports to the General Assembly, for consideration. Pillar I, 2012 back in 2012, XX power companies adhere to the party's 17 great spirit for guidance, comprehensively implementhe scientific concept of development, promoting cost-leadership strategy, standards, focus on implementation, lean management, continuously improve, smooth present safety situation of enterprise management, business management and control scientific and standardized, and the dedication of staff, manage a harmonious and democratic atmosphere of the good situation. Main indicators are as follows:-the battery indicator: power generation totaled 7.815 billion kWh, beyond the annual budget implementation capacity of 315 million kWh, an increase of 757 million kWh. Sales totaled 7.425 billion kWh, exceeding sales of 330 million kWh the annual Executive budget, an increase of 729 million kWh. --Security measures: unplanned outages 2.5 times. No personal injury accident occurred, no major accident and above, no major fire accidents without environmental pollution accidents, safety for three consecutive years to maintain stability to good posture. Business financial indicators: total profits of 255 million Yuan, beyond the annual budget of 207 million Yuan, beyond the Datang company index 41.89 million Yuan, an increase of 1.76 million Yuan, FCM assessment at grade four. --Energy: power supply standard coal completing 312.25 g/kWh, down 0.1 g/kWh; integrated auxiliary power consumption ratio in 5.12%, down 0.26%; pollutant emissions performance greatly reduced compared to last year, carbon 0.09 g/kWh, sulfur dioxide 0.104 g/kWh NOx 0.512 g/kWh; dust removal efficiency of more than 99.8%. --Reliability index: equivalent availability factor in 93.47%, increased 7.95% from a year earlier. Equivalent forced outage rate 0.08%, 0.16% reduction over the same period a year earlier. Major achievements: first, we should adhere to the two \sis, strengthening technological research, strengthen hidden hazards control and intrinsic safety Enterprise construction took new steps. -The two \on promoting the power of the company management system and the application and implementation of the safety loop five-star management system, improve the safety management system, realize the system of safety control. Further regulate security routines, safety supervision and management network role to play to achieve closed-loop. Strengthening the supervision and management of habitual violation of, strengthening the safety supervision of outsourcing contractors. Carried out in spring and autumn of security inspections, flood control and inspection, safety production month, day supervision of production safety and the Olympic Games and other中 国 海 洋 大 学 试 题 答案
学年第 2 学期 试题名称 ： 热力学与统计物理 （A） 共 2 页 第 1 页 专业年级： 学号 姓名 授课教师名 杨爱玲 分数 一． 填空题（共40分） 1．N个全同近独立粒子构成的热力学系统，如果每个粒子的自由度为r，系统的自由度为（ Nr ）。系统的状态可以用（ 2Nr ）维Г空间中的一个代表点表示。 2 对于处于平衡态的孤立系统，如果系统所有可能的微观状态数为Ω，则每一微观状态出现的概率为（ 1/? ），系统的熵为 （ kln ? ）。 3．玻色统计与费米统计的区别在于系统中的粒子是否遵从（泡利不相容原理 ）原理，其中（费米）系统的分布必须满足0 ≤ fs ≤ 1。 4．玻色系统和费米系统在满足（ 经典极限条件(或e - α <<1) 或e α >>1）条件时，可以使用玻尔兹曼统计。 5．dU??ald?l???ldalll给出内能变化的两个原因，其中（ ??ldal ）项描述传热，（ ?ald?l ）项描述做功。 ll6．对粒子数守恒的玻色系统，温度下降会使粒子的化学势（ 升高 ）；如果温度足够低，则会发生（ 玻色——爱因斯坦凝聚 ）。这时系统的能量U0＝（0），压强p0＝（0），熵S0＝（0）。 7．已知粒子遵从经典玻尔兹曼分布，其能量表达式为??1222(px?py?pz)?ax2?bx2m，粒子的平均能量为（2kT－b2/4a ）。 8．当温度（ 很低 ）或粒子数密度（ 很大 ）时，玻色系统与费米系统的量子关联效应会很强。 9．如果系统的分布函数为ρs，系统在量子态s的能量为Es，用ρs和Es表示：系统的平均能量为（ E???sEs ），能量s涨落为（ ??s(Es?E)2）（如写成E2?(E)2也得分）。 s10．与宏观平衡态对应的是稳定系综，稳定系综的分布函数ρs具有特点（ dρs / dt=0 或与时间无关等同样的意思也得分 ），同时ρs也满足归一化条件。 二．计算证明题（每题10分，共60分） 1．假定某种类型分子（设粒子可以分辨）的许可能及为0，ω，2ω， 3ω，。。。， 而且都是非简并的，如果系统含有6个分子，问： （1）与总能量3ω相联系的分布是什么样的分布？分布需要满足的条件是什么？ （2）根据公式??al??N!??al计算每种分布的微观态数?； ?al!ll（3）确定各种分布的概率。 解：能级： ε1， ε2， ε3， ε4，… 能量值： 0， ω， 2ω，3ω，… 简并度： 1， 1， 1， 1，… ctivities, comprehensive and tamping Safety Foundation ... Troubleshooting, management mechanism, give full play to role of technical supervision and realization of troubleshooting, management, improved process management. This year completed the boiler lower header leakage, boiler pressure, a major risk management, completed 29 of great risks and 3 General problems of governance. Complete chemistry lab construction, thermal control, and complete the boiler scale integrated management, host shafting vibration of 10 scientific and technological projects, such as. Complete supercritical 630MW on-line simulation system development and application of circulating water MCC standby power transformation, the transformation of desulfurization waste water, the unit water supply system of comprehensive treatment and discharge valve modification of coal mill 5 key technological transformation projects, group health is improved. --Science and technology innovation is further increased. Strengthen the characteristics of supercritical unit major issues, gradually clearing the particularity of supercritical unit and regularity. Developed motor oil time management, switch action times, statistics, coal-aided measurement software, improves the production level of lean management. Increased investment in science and technology, reporting science and technology projects and 14 technical project total cost percentage of the total annual production output of 0.25%. \-scale coal-fired power plant flue gas desulfurization, denitrification complete development and application of key technologies\on the national science and technology progress second prize. 630MW supercritical units optimized control strategies and the 630MW development and application of on-line simulation system for supercritical units, supercritical 600MW units of turbine driven boiler feed pump set of comprehensive treatment of defects Datang technology respectively one or two and third. Meanwhile, information technology achievements, the company was named \na power information technology benchmarking enterprises.\nd maintenance has improved further. Modify the inspection standards and standards on a regular basis, standardizing work procedures, checking and inspection project. Deepening the BFS++ system, and implements maintenance information shared. Reorganizing RB logic again, and ensure the success of the RB. Innovating the mechanism of maintenance management, implemented a project manager system. Successful completion of two autonomous maintenance, reliability improved steadily. Implementing two c-level maintenance, project themselves 48.7% and 42.3%, respectively. Accomplish two circulating pumps repair and overhaul of four Mills, maintenance teams to get exercise. Promote the work of energy saving and consumption reducing, complete the unit energy consumption diagnosis, plant water balance test, 10 energy-saving projects. Second, we should adhere to \conomic benefits of improving, outreachDelegates, staff: Hello! in the run-up to the Spring Festival, we held one session of four staff representatives Conference 2013-workshop, full back in 2012, careful analysis of the current situation, discuss 2013 development plans. Here, on behalf of my company 2013 work reports to the General Assembly, for consideration. Pillar I, 2012 back in 2012, XX power companies adhere to the party's 17 great spirit for guidance, comprehensively implement the scientific concept of development, promoting cost-leadership strategy, standards, focus on implementation, lean management, continuously improve, smooth present safety situation of enterprise management, business management and control scientific and standardized, and the dedication of staff, manage a harmonious and democratic atmosphere of the good situation. Main indicators are as follows:-the battery indicator: power generation totaled 7.815 billion kWh, beyond the annual budget implementation capacity of 315 million kWh, an increase of 757 million kWh. Sales totaled 7.425 billion kWh, exceeding sales of 330 million kWh the annual Executive budget, an increase of 729 million kWh. --Security measures: unplanned outages 2.5 times. No personal injury accident occurred, no major accident and above, no major fire accidents without environmental pollution accidents, safety for three consecutive years to maintain stability to good posture. Business financial indicators: total profits of 255 million Yuan, beyond the annual budget of 207 million Yuan, beyond the Datang company index 41.89 million Yuan, an increase of 1.76 million Yuan, FCM assessment at grade four. --Energy: power supply standard coal completing 312.25 g/kWh, down 0.1 g/kWh; integrated auxiliary power consumption ratio in 5.12%, down 0.26%; pollutant emissions performance greatly reduced compared to last year, carbon 0.09 g/kWh, sulfur dioxide 0.104 g/kWh NOx 0.512 g/kWh; dust removal efficiency of more than 99.8%. --Reliability index: equivalent availability factor in 93.47%, increased 7.95% from a year earlier. Equivalent forced outage rate 0.08%, 0.16% reduction over the same period a year earlier. Major achievements: first, we should adhere to the two \sis, strengthening technological research, strengthen hidden hazards control and intrinsic safety Enterprise construction took new steps. -The two \on promoting the power of the company management system and the application and implementation of the safety loop five-star management system, improve the safety management system, realize the system of safety control. Further regulate security routines, safety supervision and management network role to play to achieve closed-loop. Strengthening the supervision and management of habitual violation of, strengthening the safety supervision of outsourcing contractors. Carried out in spring and autumn of security inspections, flood control and inspection, safety production month, day supervision of production safety and the Olympic Games and other 分布数： a1, a2, a3, a4, … 分布?al?要满足的条件为：?al?N?6 l ?al?l?E?3? l满足上述条件的分布有：A：?al???5,0,0,1,0,...? B：?al???4,1,1,0,0,...? C：?al???3,3,0,0,0,...? 6!?1?6;5!?1!6!各分布对应的微观态数为：?B??1?30; 4!?1!?1!6!?C??1?203!?3!?A?所有分布总的微观态数为：???A??B??C?6?30?20?56 pA??A/??6/56?0.107;各分布对应的概率为：pB??B/??30/56?0.536; pC??C/??20/56?0.357;2．表面活性物质的分子在液面（面积为A）上做二维自由运动，可以看作二维理想气体，设粒子的质量为m，总粒子数为N。 （1）求单粒子的配分函数Z1； （2）在平衡态，按玻尔兹曼分布率，写出位置在x到x＋dx， y到y＋dy内，动量在px到px＋dpx， py到py＋dpy内的分子数dN； （3）写出分子按速度的分布； （4）写出分子按速率的分布。 解：（1）单粒子的配分函数z1?1h2????e?2?m(px2?py2)dxdydpxdpy?A(2?mkT) 2h （2）dN?e?(????)dxdydpxdpyh2?N???dxdydpxdpy e2Z1hm?2m)ekT(vx2?vy2)dvxdvy （3）将（1）代入（2），并对dxdy积分，得分子按速度的分布为dNv?N(2?kTmvmv?mm?22kT （4）有（3）可得分子按速率的分布为：2?N()evdv?N()ekTvdv 2?kTkT223．定域系含有N个近独立粒子，每个粒子有两个非简并能级ε1＝－ε0，ε2＝ε0，其中ε0大于零且为外参量y的函数。求： （1）温度为T时处于激发态的粒子数与处于基态的粒子数之比，并说明在极端高温和极端低温时粒子数比的特点； （2）系统的内能和热容量； ctivities, comprehensive and tamping Safety Foundation ... Troubleshooting, management mechanism, give full play to role of technical supervision and realization of troubleshooting, management, improved process management. This year completed the boiler lower header leakage, boiler pressure, a major risk management, completed 29 of great risks and 3 General problems of governance. Complete chemistry lab construction, thermal control, and complete the boiler scale integrated management, host shafting vibration of 10 scientific and technological projects, such as. Complete supercritical 630MW on-line simulation system development and application of circulating water MCC standby power transformation, the transformation of desulfurization waste water, the unit water supply system of comprehensive treatment and discharge valve modification of coal mill 5 key technological transformation projects, group health is improved. --Science and technology innovation is further increased. Strengthen the characteristics of supercritical unit major issues, gradually clearing the particularity of supercritical unit and regularity. Developed motor oil time management, switch action times, statistics, coal-aided measurement software, improves the production level of lean management. Increased investment in science and technology, reporting science and technology projects and 14 technical project total cost percentage of the total annual production output of 0.25%. \-scale coal-fired power plant flue gas desulfurization, denitrification complete development and application of key technologies\on the national science and technology progress second prize. 630MW supercritical units optimized control strategies and the 630MW development and application of on-line simulation system for supercritical units, supercritical 600MW units of turbine driven boiler feed pump set of comprehensive treatment of defects Datang technology respectively one or two and third. Meanwhile, information technology achievements, the company was named \na power information technology benchmarking enterprises.\nd maintenance has improved further. Modify the inspection standards and standards on a regular basis, standardizing work procedures, checking and inspection project. Deepening the BFS++ system, and implements maintenance information shared. Reorganizing RB logic again, and ensure the success of the RB. Innovating the mechanism of maintenance management, implemented a project manager system. Successful completion of two autonomous maintenance, reliability improved steadily. Implementing two c-level maintenance, project themselves 48.7% and 42.3%, respectively. Accomplish two circulating pumps repair and overhaul of four Mills, maintenance teams to get exercise. Promote the work of energy saving and consumption reducing, complete the unit energy consumption diagnosis, plant water balance test, 10 energy-saving projects. Second, we should adhere to \conomic benefits of improving, outreachDelegates, staff: Hello! in the run-up to the Spring Festival, we held one session of four staff representatives Conference 2013-workshop, full back in 2012, careful analysis of the current situation, discuss 2013 development plans. Here, on behalf of my company 2013 work reports to the General Assembly, for consideration. Pillar I, 2012 back in 2012, XX power companies adhere to the party's 17 great spirit for guidance, comprehensively implement the scientific concept of development, promoting cost-leadership strategy, standards, focus on implementation, lean management, continuously improve, smooth present safety situation of enterprise management, business management and control scientific and standardized, and the dedication of staff, manage a harmonious and democratic atmosphere of the good situation. Main indicators are as follows:-the battery indicator: power generation totaled 7.815 billion kWh, beyond the annual budget implementation capacity of 315 million kWh, an increase of 757 million kWh. Sales totaled 7.425 billion kWh, exceeding sales of 330 million kWh the annual Executive budget, an increase of 729 million kWh. --Security measures: unplanned outages 2.5 times. No personal injury accident occurred, no major accident and above, no major fire accidents without environmental pollution accidents, safety for three consecutive years to maintain stability to good posture. Business financial indicators: total profits of 255 million Yuan, beyond the annual budget of 207 million Yuan, beyond the Datang company index 41.89 million Yuan, an increase of 1.76 million Yuan, FCM assessment at grade four. --Energy: power supply standard coal completing 312.25 g/kWh, down 0.1 g/kWh; integrated auxiliary power consumption ratio in 5.12%, down 0.26%; pollutant emissions performance greatly reduced compared to last year, carbon 0.09 g/kWh, sulfur dioxide 0.104 g/kWh NOx 0.512 g/kWh; dust removal efficiency of more than 99.8%. --Reliability index: equivalent availability factor in 93.47%, increased 7.95% from a year earlier. Equivalent forced outage rate 0.08%, 0.16% reduction over the same period a year earlier. Major achievements: first, we should adhere to the two \sis, strengthening technological research, strengthen hidden hazards control and intrinsic safety Enterprise construction took new steps. -The two \on promoting the power of the company management system and the application and implementation of the safety loop five-star management system, improve the safety management system, realize the system of safety control. Further regulate security routines, safety supervision and management network role to play to achieve closed-loop. Strengthening the supervision and management of habitual violation of, strengthening the safety supervision of outsourcing contractors. Carried out in spring and autumn of security inspections, flood control and inspection, safety production month, day supervision of production safety and the Olympic Games and other （3）极端高温和极端低温时系统的熵。 解：（1）单粒子的配分函数为：Z1??e???l?e???1?e???2?e??0?e???0 lNe???1e??0 处于基态的粒子数为：N1??N??0; ???0Z1e?eN???2e???0处于激发态的粒子数为：N2?e?N??0; ???0Z1e?eN2eekT???0 温度为T时处于激发态的粒子数与处于基态的粒子数之为：N1e??0ekT???0??0极端高温时：ε0《kT，N2?1, 即处于激发态的粒子数与处于基态的粒子数基本相同； N1N2?0, 即粒子几乎全部处于基态。 N1极端低温时：ε0》kT，?lnZ1?e???0?e??0??0???0（2）系统的内能：U??N ??Nln(e?e)?N?0???0??0????e?eN?02??U1?Ue???0?e??02? 热容量：CV?()V??2()V?)? ?1?(???0?TkT??kT2?e?e??0?（3）极端高温时系统的熵：S?kln??kln2N?Nkln2 极端低温时系统的熵：S=0 4．对弱简并的非相对论费米气体，求： （1）粒子数分布的零级近似f0 与一级修正项Δf1； ??e（2）证明：与零级近似相比，粒子数的相对修正量和内能的相对修正量均正比于。 解：费米气体分布函数为：f?（1）f?e?????1e?????1 1????????????????2??2???e(1?e)?e?e 1?e????? ?f0?e?????，?f1??e?2??2?? （2）D(?)d??CV?d? ?N? N12??fD(?)d???e?fD(?)d??e?10?2??2??CV?d?CV?d?1212?e?? ?????U ?U??f?D(?)d??e? ?f?D(?)d?1?05．金属中的电子可以视为自由电子气体，电子数密度n， （1）简述：T＝0K时电子气体分布的特点，并说明此时化学势μ0的意义； ctivities, comprehensive and tamping Safety Foundation ... Troubleshooting, management mechanism, give full play to role of technical supervision and realization of troubleshooting, management, improved process management. This year completed the boiler lower header leakage, boiler pressure, a major risk management, completed 29 of great risks and 3 General problems of governance. Complete chemistry lab construction, thermal control, and complete the boiler scale integrated management, host shafting vibration of 10 scientific and technological projects, such as. Complete supercritical 630MW on-line simulation system development and application of circulating water MCC standby power transformation, the transformation of desulfurization waste water, the unit water supply system of comprehensive treatment and discharge valve modification of coal mill 5 key technological transformation projects, group health is improved. --Science and technology innovation is further increased. Strengthen the characteristics of supercritical unit major issues, gradually clearing the particularity of supercritical unit and regularity. Developed motor oil time management, switch action times, statistics, coal-aided measurement software, improves the production level of lean management. Increased investment in science and technology, reporting science and technology projects and 14 technical project total cost percentage of the total annual production output of 0.25%. \-scale coal-fired power plant flue gas desulfurization, denitrification complete development and application of key technologies\on the national science and technology progress second prize. 630MW supercritical units optimized control strategies and the 630MW development and application of on-line simulation system for supercritical units, supercritical 600MW units of turbine driven boiler feed pump set of comprehensive treatment of defects Datang technology respectively one or two and third. Meanwhile, information technology achievements, the company was named \na power information technology benchmarking enterprises.\nd maintenance has improved further. Modify the inspection standards and standards on a regular basis, standardizing work procedures, checking and inspection project. Deepening the BFS++ system, and implements maintenance information shared. Reorganizing RB logic again, and ensure the success of the RB. Innovating the mechanism of maintenance management, implemented a project manager system. Successful completion of two autonomous maintenance, reliability improved steadily. Implementing two c-level maintenance, project themselves 48.7% and 42.3%, respectively. Accomplish two circulating pumps repair and overhaul of four Mills, maintenance teams to get exercise. Promote the work of energy saving and consumption reducing, complete the unit energy consumption diagnosis, plant water balance test, 10 energy-saving projects. Second, we should adhere to \conomic benefits of improving, outreach