高考英语语法填空专项练习
(名师精选试题专项训练,值得下载练习)
一、语法填空解题技巧
{语法填空解题流程}
{语法填空答题技巧}
形式一 有提示词类 (一)提供动词类
当设空处提供动词原形,设空处一般考查动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词或词类转化。其解题步骤为:
[典例1][2016·全国Ⅰ]But for tourists like me,pandas are its top __61__(attract).
[剖析]考查名词。句意:对于像我一样的游客,大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词top“头等的;最重要的”后面跟名词形式。故填attraction。
[典例2][2016·全国Ⅰ]My ambassadorial duties will include __67__(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
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[剖析]include为及物动词,后面应用动名词形式作宾语。故填introducing。
[典例3][2016·全国Ⅱ]Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __63__ (be) often acceptable. [剖析]分析句子结构可知,动名词短语Leaving the less...until tomorrow作主语,故63处应为谓语动词且应用单数形式。故填is。
(二)词性转换类
词性转换多以派生词变化为主,如:形容词与副词间的相互转化形容词与名词间的相互转化;形容词与动词间的相互转化;动词与名词间的相互转化等。其解题步骤为:
[典例1][2016·全国Ⅰ]The title will be __63__(official)given to me at a ceremony in London. [剖析]考查副词。修饰动词应用副词形式。应填officially。
[典例2][2016·全国Ⅱ]Then,handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of __62__ (achieve).
[剖析]考查名词。介词of后应用名词作宾语。故填achievement。
特别提醒:1.括号中所给词为形容词或副词时,也有可能是考查其比较等级。
[典例1]The__68__(hard) you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.He controls you! [剖析]分析句子结构以及根据句意可知,此处为“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构,表示“越……,就越……”,故答案为harder。
2.括号中所给词为名词时,有可能不是考查词性转换,而是考查单复数。
[典例2]...for most of us the __69__(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.
[剖析]由定冠词the可知,此处应填名词,由谓语动词are和require可知此处应用复数形式changes。 3.有个别空可能是词义转换题,词性不一定要变,主要是考查与词根意义相反的派生词,需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系,在词根前加un-,im-等,在词根后加-less等。
[典例3]People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is,no knowledge is________(use).
[剖析]作表语要用形容词;又由句意可知,作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”,故填useless。 形式二 无提示词类
首先,分析句子结构确定填哪类词。然后,根据句子的意思,确定具体填什么词;根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。解题时要注意以下五大原则:
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原则一:缺少主语或宾语,一定要填代词 1.缺主语
如果在谓语动词前挖空,答案应首先考虑代词。所填代词要考虑以下三种情况:
(1)人称代词:作主格的人称代词he,she,they,it等,此时要根据前文,确定所代指的内容。 (2)关系代词:在定语从句中作主语的关系代词that,which,who等。 (3)名词性从句引导词:what,whoever等。
[典例1]I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to,and________gets there almost in a second. [剖析]and连接前后两个句子,and后面的句子缺主语,应填名词或代词;结合前一分句,不难推知,“马上可到达那里”的是the message,替代the message用代词it。
[典例2]Maybe you have a habit__67__is driving your family crazy. [剖析]根据句子结构可知该空应是定语从句的关系词,先行词是a habit,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
2.缺宾语
如果空前为及物动词、及物动词短语或者介词,要考虑填代词,主要有以下三类: (1)人称代词:作宾格的人称代词him,her,them,it等。
(2)关系代词:在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom等。 (3)名词性从句引导词:what,whomever等。
[典例]Raise your leg and let__65__stay in the air for seconds. [剖析]由let可知,空处作宾语,结合句意可知,此处用it代指前面的your leg。 原则二:名词、代词、动名词前挖空,可以考虑用限定词或介词 1.限定词
如果在名词前挖空,答案应首先考虑限定词。因为根据英语的习惯,名词前一般需要限定词。限定词包括冠词(a,an,the)、物主代词(my,mine等)、关系词(whose,which等)、疑问词、不定代词(no,some,any,each,every,either,neither,several,many等)等。
[典例1][2016·四川]Wu Junqi has long been linked to alcohol.Of course he's not a drunkard (酒鬼).He actually rarely has a drink.________33-year-old man is a bartender (调酒师) in a pub named “Shock” in Beijing.
[剖析]33-year-old man为名词短语,其前挖空,答案应首先考虑限定词。前句已提到Wu Junqi,所以再次提到时应用定冠词The。
[典例2]Here is The Pines,________cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou,wild boar,and reindeer with surprising sauces.You can enjoy delicious food in the restaurant.
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