语法专题：主谓一致
高中英语：主谓一致
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知识总结归纳
一、概念：主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则。
二、主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：语法一致，就近一致和意义一致。
（一）、语法一致：主语为单数形式, 谓语动词也用单数形式; 主语为复数形式, 谓语动词也用复数形式。 e.g. I often help him and he often helps me. We often help each other.
不可数名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语, 谓语动词用复数。 1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语：
①The worker and writer ______(be) from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家
②The worker and the writer ______ (be) from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家
③The secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were （1）这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
① My brother and I have both seen that film.
② Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
③ The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.
（2）这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式,这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。例：
① The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life. ② War and peace is a constant theme in history. ③ One more knife and fork is needed. ④Bread and butter is our daily food. ⑤ Law and order has been established.
（3）这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例句：
① Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt. ② No sound and no voice is heard.
③ Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. ④ Every minute and every second is precious.
2. 动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句： ① Reading is a great pleasure in life. ② To live means to create.
③ That we need more time is obvious. ④ What is needed is food and medicine.
3. 表示时间，金钱，距离，重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 例句：
① Three thousand miles is a long distance. ② Eight hours of sleep is enough. ③ Ten dollars is enough for him.
④Fifty kilograms is not too long to be carried
4. 不定代词anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：
① Is anybody going to tell him the news ? ② Someone wants to see you.
③Anybody who _______ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished. 5.倒装句中的语法一致
①Two pictures ______ on the wall, which attract many people. ②On the wall _____ two pictures, which attract many people. ③Their teacher ______ among the students, who is in her thirties. ④Among the students _____ their teacher, who is in her thirties. （二）就近原则
1、由连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, 连接的两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词和离它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。例句： ①. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand.
②. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies.
③. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather. ④. George or Tom is wanted.
2、注意：There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。例句： ①. There aren’t any letters in the mail for you today.
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语法专题：主谓一致
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②. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk. ③. Here are some envelopes and paper for you. 3、名词后面带有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短语共同做主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。例句： ①. All but one were here just now.
②. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift. ③. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work. ④. You as well as I are wrong. （三）意义一致
1. 代词none, neither, all的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定例句： （1）All hope has gone.
（2）All are agreed on this point.
（3）—Is there any milk in the fridge? —No, there is none. （4）None has returned from the meeting.
2. 集合名词group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, audience, club, party, crew等名词等作主语时,如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成其中各成员，则用复数形式. 例句
The army is going to remain in this town. The army have rescued the travelers. His family _______very large. His family _______music lovers. The group ____ made up of nine students. The group____ dancing happily 注意：集合名词cattle, clothes, people, the police表示复数意义，谓语动词永远复数。people 民族（可数名词，peoples)
3. 限定词短语all of…; none of…; a lot of…; 以及分数/百分数+of ….修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时，谓语动词的形式由of 后面的名词形式决定。例句：
（1）None of these suggestions are very helpful. （2）I don’t think any of us wants to work tomorrow.
（3）Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries. 4、代词作主语
Neither dog _____ big. ( A. is B. are ) Neither of them _____ big. ( A. is B. are ) Neither rabbit _____ handsome. ( A. is B. are )
Neither of the rabbits _____ handsome.. ( A. is B. are )
（neither + 单数名词 → 谓语动词用单数； none／neither of +可数名词 谓语动词用单数或复数； none of+不可数名词 →谓语动词用单数）
1）.None of these people ___ doctors. A. has B. have C. are D. was
2）Neither of them ___ a good singer. A. was B. is C. were D. is used to be 3）.Neither of us ________ (was/were) ready when the party began. 4）. None of them ________ (has/have) watched the talk show.
5、主语是单复数同形的名词deer, sheep, fish鱼,series系列, species物种, means手段, works工厂, aircraft飞行器, ect.时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。 Eg: 1.) A new means has been used . 2.) Many means have not come into effect.
6、the＋adj.,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等
the+ adj.,表示某个人或一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数，如the beautiful, the good等。如， ⑴ The old ____ taken good care of in our society.
⑵ The rich ____ for the decision but the poor are against it. ⑶ The wounded ____ a young boy.
⑷ The beautiful _____not always the same as the good. ⑸ The new______ sure to replace the old.
1. 主谓一致的考查主要体现在单项选择和短文改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时，遇到这样的题时，要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑句子的时态和语态。
2. one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。 the only one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
Jim was one of the boys who were late for class.
Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class.
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语法专题：主谓一致
Practice makes perfect (孰能生巧；小试牛刀) Part 1) 多项选择
[例1] E-mail, as well as telephones, _____ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play [例2] Either John or his friends _____ to blame for the bad results.
A. are B. is C. was D. has been [例3] The conductor and composer _____ by a crowd of people.
A. are greeted B. is greeted C. greets D. have been greeted [例4] —The trousers _____ you well, madam.
—But the colour _____ me.
A. fit; don’t suit B. fits; doesn’t suit C. fits; don’t suit D. fit; doesn’t suit [例5] The Smith’s family, which _____ rather a large one, _____ very fond of their old house.
A. were; were B. was; were C. were; was D. was; was
[例6] He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
[例7] Three fifths of the police _____ in the school near the town.
A. has trained B. have trained C. has been trained D. have been trained Part 2) 单句改错
1. Mary is one of the girls who is always on time. 2. Every girl and every boy have the right to join the club. 3. What caused the accidents remain unknown. 4. The singer and the dancer is to attend our party.
5. Interest, as well as prospects, are important when one looks for a job. 6. A number of cars is parked in front of the park.
7. Ancient and modern history is the subjects we are studying. 8. Many a person have read the novel. 9. I, who is your friend, will try my best to help you. 10. The old is respected in our country.
11. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, are to be built here. 12. When and where to hold the party haven’t been decided yet. 13. His family enjoys watching TV.
14. On the wall hangs many pictures by Picasso. 15. Quantities of money has been spent on the project. 16. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.
17. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once. 18. But not all information are good to society.
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Part 3) 模拟试题
1. —Is there anybody in the classroom ?—No, the teacher, together with the students _____ to the playground. A. go B. went C. has gone D. have gone
2. —Are these your sheep ?—No. Mine _____ on grass at the foot of the hill. A. are feeding B. feed C. is fed D. is feeding
3. Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women _____ a very shy girl with two bright eyes. A. was B. are C. were D. there was
4. Mr. Bush, together with his wife and daughter _____ going to Japan next week. A. are B. is C. will be D. would be 5. Not the teacher but the students _____ excited. A. is B. has C. are D. have
6. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _____ all that I can spare to talk with you.
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