毕业设计 摘要
摘 要
Z3040型摇臂钻床适用于单件或批量生产带有多孔的大型零件的孔加工，是机械加工车间常用的机床，在机械行业中得到了广泛应用。但继电器—接触器控制方式电路接线复杂，触电多，成本很高，今后的逻辑修改和增加功能比较困难等诸多缺点。 PLC控制系统与继电器—接触器电气控制系统相比，具有结构简单，编程方便，调试周期短，可靠性高，对工作环境要求低等一系列优点。因此对Z3040摇臂钻床控制系统PLC改造是非常必要的。
本设计对Z3040摇臂钻床电气控制系统PLC的改造。首先，从Z3040摇臂钻床的控制原理和PLC的特点分析入手；其次，根据控制系统的原理和PLC的特点完成了PLC机型的选择、I/O端口的分配和接线图绘制；PLC梯形图程序的设计、指令语句表编写和系统程序的仿真；最后根据控制要求，完成了摇臂钻床控制电路中主要电气元件的计算选择。
通过PLC改造摇臂钻床控制系统，克服了继电器—接触器许多缺点，大大提高摇臂钻床的工作能力和工作寿命，同时运用了系统仿真，能形象、直观的模拟出摇臂钻床运动情况。
关键词：可编程控制器，摇臂钻床，梯形图，电气控制系统
I
本科毕业设计 Abstract
Abstract
Z3040 type radial drilling machine is mechanical processing workshop commonly used machine that is suitable for single piece or batch production with large parts of the porous hole processing. it is widely used in the machinery industry.but the relay contact device control circuit wiring way more complex electric shock, cost is high，The logic of revision and function increasing will very difficult in the future. The control system of PLC compared with the relay contactor electric control system.It have the excellent feature that is a simple structure, a convenient programming, a short commissioning period, a high reliability and an anti-interference ability, a low failure rate and a low advantages for work environment. So the Z3040 radial drilling machine control system modification is very necessary.
This design that is Z3040 radial drilling machine of the electrical control system is reformed the PLC. First of all, analysis Z3040 radial drilling machine control principle and the characteristics of the PLC. Secondly, according to the principle of PLC control system and the characteristics of the type finish PLC choose the I/O port distribution and the wiring diagram PLC ladder diagram of drawing program design instructions written statement table and system of the simulation program. Finally, it completes radial drilling machine main electrical component selection
Through the PLC control system transformation radial drilling machine that overcome relay contactor many faults. It Greatly improve the radial drilling machine work ability and service lifeand it using a system simulation, which can image the intuitive that radial drilling machine motion.
Key words programmable controller, radial drilling machine, ladder diagram,
electrical control system
II
攀枝花学院本科毕业设计 目录
目录
摘 要 ............................................................................................................................ I Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II 1 绪 论 .................................................................................................................. - 1 -
1.1 本课题选题背景和意义 ............................................................................................. - 1 - 1.2 本课题国内外研究现状、水平和发展趋势 ............................................................. - 1 - 1.3 本课题的主要工作 ..................................................................................................... - 3 -
2 Z3040摇臂钻床电气控制系统原理分析 ......................................................... - 4 -
2.1 Z3040摇臂钻床简介 ................................................................................................. - 4 - 2.2 Z3040摇臂钻床控制要求 ....................................................................................... - 5 - 2.2 Z3040摇臂钻床主电路的分析 ................................................................................. - 7 - 2.3 Z3040摇臂钻床控制电路的分析 ............................................................................. - 7 -
2.3.1 主运动控制 ...................................................................................................... - 7 - 2.3.2 摇臂上升或下降控制 ...................................................................................... - 7 - 2.3.3 主轴箱和立柱的松开及夹紧控制 .................................................................... - 8 - 2.3.4 控制电路保护 .................................................................................................... - 8 - 2.4 Z3040摇臂钻床信号和照明电路的分析 ................................................................. - 9 -
3 Z3040摇臂钻床控制系统PLC硬件设计 ................................................... - 10 -
3.1 PLC的简介 .............................................................................................................. - 10 - 3.2 PLC的选型 .............................................................................................................. - 11 - 3.3 PLC输入与输出端口地址的分配 .......................................................................... - 13 - 3.4 PLC电气接线图设计 .............................................................................................. - 13 -
4 Z3040摇臂钻床控制系统PLC软件设计 ..................................................... - 15 -
4.1 PLC软件设计方法的分类 ...................................................................................... - 15 - 4.2 控制系统梯形图设计 ............................................................................................... - 16 - 4.2.1 主轴电动机控制梯形图 ................................................................................ - 16 - 4.2.2 摇臂升降控制梯形图 .................................................................................... - 16 - 4.2.3 主轴箱和立柱松开、夹紧梯形图 ................................................................ - 18 - 4.2.4 信号指示梯形图 ............................................................................................ - 19 - 4.2.5 摇臂钻床控制系统梯形图 ............................................................................ - 19 - 4.3 控制系统语句表 ....................................................................................................... - 21 - 4.4 控制系统仿真 ........................................................................................................... - 22 -
4.4.1 主电动机的仿真 ............................................................................................ - 22 - 4.4.2 摇臂上升和下降的仿真 ................................................................................ - 22 - 4.4.3 主轴和立柱夹紧与放松仿真 ........................................................................ - 24 -
5 主要电气元件及选择 ........................................................................................ - 26 -
5.1 低压断路器 ............................................................................................................... - 26 -