有机化学习题及答案(徐伟亮)

绪论参考答案(P27~28)

1、

(1)有,SP3转变为SP2 (2)有,SP2转变为SP3 (3)没有,

(4)有,SP转变为SP2 2、

(1)饱和脂肪醇 (2)饱和脂肪醚 (3)不饱和脂肪酸 (4)饱和脂环多卤代烃 (5)芳香醛 (6)芳香伯胺 3、

解:12n+n=78 n=6

该化合物分子式为C6H6 4、 解:氢键締合:C2H5OH C6H5OH C4H9OH C2H5NH2 C6H6(OH)6 C6H11OH C17H35COOH、 与水形成氢键: CH3CH2OCH2CH3、CH3OCH3

不能締合也不能与水形成氢键。C4H9Cl、CH3CH3、C17H35COO-Na+ 5、

(1) C7H16 >C6H18 (2) C2H5Cl <C2H5Br (3) C6H5-CH2CH3 <C6H5-CHO (4) CH3OCH3 <CH3CH2OH (5) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 > CH3CH(CH3) CH(CH3)CH3 6、

(1) A>D>C>B. (2) E >A>C>B>D (3) C>A>D>B (4) D>B>C>A (5) C>B>A (6) A>C>B>D (7) A>B>C 7、

(1) CH3CH2OH >C6H5OH (2) C4H9OH >C4H9Cl (3) CH3OCH3 >CH3CH3 (4) C17H35COOH<C17H35COO-Na+ (5) C6H6(OH)6 >C6H11OH 8、略 9、

(1) A>B>C>D. (2) A>C>B>D. 10、

(1) A>D>C>B>E (2) C>B>A>D.

第二章 饱和脂肪烃习题参考答案(P52~53)

1、

伯1( )仲叔CH3CH2CHCH2C(CH3)3CH3CHCH3叔季伯仲CH3季( )2CH3CH2CCH2CH2CHCH2CH3CH2CH3CH2CH3叔

2,2,5–三甲基–4–乙基己烷 3–甲基–3,6–二乙基辛烷

CH3CH3叔仲叔CHCH2CH3( )CH3CH3伯伯4( )仲叔

伯 2,4,–二甲基戊烷 2–甲基–3–乙基己烷

伯仲HCH36( )CH3仲CH3叔5CH3( )HHH

反–1,4–二甲基环己烷 顺–1,4–二甲基环己烷

仲伯CH3H叔H季7( )叔8( )HHCH3

1–甲基二环【2.2.1】庚烷 2–甲基丙烷

2、

CH3( )1CH3CHCH2CH2CHCH3CH3CHCH( )22CCH2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH3CH3CH33( )CH3

CH3CH34( )CH3CCH2CHCH3CH3CH3CH3CCH2CCH2CH2CH3CH3CH3

5( )CHCH3CH36( ) 或

8( )

7( )CH3

3、

1( )CH3CH2CH3+Br2CH3hvCH3CHCH3+HBrBr

CH3CH3CCH2 Cl+HClCH32( )CH3CCH3+Cl2CH3hv

3( )+HBrhvCH3CH2CH2BrCl+

4( )+Cl2HCl

4、

CH3CH CHCH1( )3CH3CH33( )CH32CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3或CHCHCCH( )323CH34( )

CH3CH2CHCH2CH3CH3CH3CH2CH2CHCH3CH3

5、

1( )CH3CH2CH3Br2CCl4褪色

2( )CH3CH3Br2CCl4室温褪色

CH3HClHHHHClHHHHHCH3Cl6、

CH3HHClHHHCH3H

7、

CH3(CH3)2CH

8、

CH3CH3稳定性ee大于eaCH3CH31( )

CH32( )CH3CH3稳定性ee大于eaCH3

9、

(1)ee>(3)ae>(4)ea>(2aa) (基团大的在e键比在a上稳定) 10、 hvCl22Cl

CH4+ClCH3+HCl CH3+Cl2CH3Cl+Cl Cl2Cl+Cl

CH3+CH3CH3CH3

.........

第三章 不饱和脂肪烃习题参考答案(P85~87)

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