新乡学院
化工原理课程设计说明书
院（系）名称 专业名称 年 级 班 级 学生姓名 学 号 指导教师姓名
化学与化工学院 化学工程与工艺 08化学工程与工艺1班
目录
一、设计条件 ............................................................................................................... 2 二、设计内容 ............................................................................................................... 2 三、浮阀塔流程工艺图 ............................................................................................... 3 四、精馏塔的物料衡算及条件设计 ........................................................................... 3
（1）、甲苯、邻二甲苯物料衡算 ............................................................................... 3
（2）、塔顶、塔釜工艺参数 ..................................................................................................... 4
五、确定适宜回流比 ................................................................................................... 7 六、求理论板及实际塔板层数（采用捷算法） ....................................................... 8 七、确定进料板位置 ................................................................................................... 9 八、确定换热器热负荷及换热面积 ........................................................................... 9
（1）预热器热负荷及换热面积计算 ....................................................................................... 10 （2）冷凝器热负荷及换热面积计算 ....................................................................................... 10 （3）再沸器热负荷及换热面积计算 ....................................................................................... 11
九、塔板计算及板间距计算: ................................................................................... 11
（1）精馏段及提馏段流量计算 ............................................................................................... 11 （2）精馏段及提馏段体积流量计算 ....................................................................................... 11
①精馏段 ..................................................................................................................................................11
②提溜段 ................................................................................................................................................. 12
（3）塔径及板间距计算 ........................................................................................................... 13
①精馏段在塔顶设定工艺条件下 ......................................................................................................... 13
②提溜段塔径及板间距设计 ................................................................................................................. 13
十、塔板布置 ............................................................................................................. 14
（1）堰长、堰高及堰上液层高 ............................................................................................... 14 （2）降液管宽度及截面积 ....................................................................................................... 15 （3）降液管底隙高度 ............................................................................................................... 15 （4）浮阀数目及排列 ............................................................................................................... 15
十一、对精馏段塔板进行流体力学验算及负荷性能图核算 ................................. 16
（1）精馏塔段流体力学验算 ................................................................................................... 16
①气相通过浮阀塔板压降 ..................................................................................................................... 16
○2防止液泛验算 ..................................................................................................................................... 17 ○3防止雾沫夹带的核算 ......................................................................................................................... 17
（2）精馏段进行塔板负荷性能的核算 ................................................................................... 18
1雾沫夹带线：按泛点率80%计算 ○...................................................................................................... 18
○2液泛线 .................................................................................................................................................. 18 3液相负荷上限线 ○.................................................................................................................................. 19 4漏液线 ○.................................................................................................................................................. 19 5液相负荷下线限 ○.................................................................................................................................. 19
十二、提馏段流力学验算及负荷性能核算 ............................................................. 20
（1）提馏塔段流体力学验算 ................................................................................................... 20
○1气相通过浮阀塔板压降 ...................................................................................................................... 20 ○2防止液泛验算 ...................................................................................................................................... 21 ○3防止雾沫夹带的核算 .......................................................................................................................... 21
（2） 提留段塔板负荷性能核算 ............................................................................................. 22
1雾沫夹带 ○.............................................................................................................................................. 22 ○2)夜冷线 ................................................................................................................................................ 22 3液相负荷上线 ○...................................................................................................................................... 22 4漏液线 ○.................................................................................................................................................. 22 ○5液相负荷下线限 .................................................................................................................................. 23
十三、换热器的选型及核算 ..................................................................................... 24
⑴、换热器类型选取及传热系数的核算 ................................................................................. 24
①类型选取 .............................................................................................................................................. 24 ②核算总传热系数 .................................................................................................................................. 25
十四、主要接管尺寸的选取 ..................................................................................... 26
（1）进料管 ............................................................................................................................... 26
（2）回流管 ............................................................................................................................... 26 （3）釜液出口管 ....................................................................................................................... 26 （4）塔顶蒸汽管 ....................................................................................................................... 27 （5）加热蒸汽管 ....................................................................................................................... 27
十
五、设计结果一览表
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参考文献 ...................................................................................................................... 28