摘 要
随着科学技术的不断发展，自动门系统已开始应用于大型公司、科研所、政府机关等保密性较强的单位。为增强自动门运行的可靠性，本设计提出了一种可程序设计控制器（PLC）与变频器控制的自动门控制系统，设计中采用两个感应探测器（门内和门外）、一些开关及传感器作为此系统的输入设备，变频器用来调节门体速度，并分析了该控制系统的工作原理及系统的硬件组成，分析了人体感应探测、自动门运行位置检测、门运行障碍检测等控制电路的工作过程，对PLC的选型、变频器的选型、I/O点的确定及自动门的动作过程等方面进行了详细阐述。结合PLC的运行特点，对控制系统的工作流程作了合理的优化。在此基础上，给出了控制系统软件设计的程序流程图、顺序功能图、外部端子接线图及PLC控制梯形图等。本设计介绍应用可程序设计控制器取代传统的继电器、接触器控制系统，实现自动门控制的过程。
关键词：自动门；可控制程序设计器；梯形图；变频控制
ABSTRACT
With the continuous development of science and technology, automatic door system has been applied to large companies, research institutes, government agencies and other units are highly confidential. To enhance the reliability of automatic door operation, this design presents a programmable logic controller (PLC) and the inverter control automatic door control system, the design uses two sensor probes (door and door outside), some switches and sensors as the system input device, the drive door is used to adjust the speed, and analyzes the working principle of the control system hardware components and systems, analysis of the human body detection sensors, automatic door operation position detection, the door obstacle detection and other control circuit to run the working process, the selection of the PLC, inverter selection, I / O points of the action to identify and automatic doors and other aspects of the process in detail. With PLC's operating characteristics of the control system were reasonable workflow optimization. On this basis, given the process control system software design flow, sequential function chart, the external control
terminal wiring diagram and PLC ladder and so on. Describes the application of the programmable controller designed to replace traditional relay, contactor control systems, automatic door control process.
KEY WORDS: Automatic Doors；Control Programming；Ladder；Drive
目录
第1章 自动门的概述 .................................................... 6
1.1研究意义与研究背景 .............................................................................................. 7 1.2 自动门的简介 ......................................................................................................... 8 1.3 自动门技术发展方向 ............................................................................................. 9 1.4 自动门的组成和分类 ........................................................................................... 10
1.4.1 自动门的组成 .......................................................................................... 10 1.4.2 自动门的分类 ............................................................................................ 11 1.5 本课题研究的内容 ............................................................................................... 12
1.5.1 自动门类型的选择 .................................................................................. 12 1.5.2 自动门的硬件设计 .................................................................................. 13 1.5.3 自动门的软件设计 .................................................................................. 13
第2章 PLC控制系统 .................................................... 14
2.1 PLC的简介............................................................................................................ 14 2.2 PLC的主要功能及特点 ........................................................................................ 15
2.2.1 PLC的主要功能 ......................................................................................... 15 2.2.2 PLC的特点 ................................................................................................. 16 2.3 PLC的组成与基本结构 ........................................................................................ 16
2.3.1 PLC的硬件系统 ......................................................................................... 16 2.4 PLC的工作原理 .................................................................................................... 17 第3章 自动门控制系统总体方案设计 ..................................... 18
3.1自动门的功能需求分析 ........................................................................................ 19 3.2自动门的控制要求 ................................................................................................ 20 3.3自动门控制系统构成 ............................................................................................ 21 3.4自动门的机械传动机构设计 ................................................................................ 22 第4章 自动门硬件系统的设计 ........................................... 23
4.1 控制系统结构设计 ............................................................................................... 23 4.2 驱动装置的选择 ................................................................................................... 23 4.3 变频器的选择 ....................................................................................................... 24
4.3.1 变频器原理 ................................................................................................ 24 4.3.2 变频器的选型 ............................................................................................ 25 4.4 探测器的选择 ....................................................................................................... 26 4.5 自动门运行位置检测 ........................................................................................... 27
4.5.1 限位开关的工作原理 ................................................................................ 27 4.5.2 光电开关的工作原理 ................................................................................ 27 4.6 门运行障碍检测、报警 ....................................................................................... 28 4.7 PLC的选择............................................................................................................ 28
4.7.1 输入输出(I/O)点数的估算 ........................................................................ 28 4.7.2. 存储容量的估算 ....................................................................................... 29 4.7.3. 控制功能的选择 ....................................................................................... 29 4.7.4. 机型的选择 ............................................................................................... 30
第5章 自动门软件系统的设计 ........................................... 32
5.1 PLC梯形图概述 ................................................................................................. 32 5.2 程序流程图 ........................................................................................................... 32 5.3 梯形图的设计 ..................................................................................................... 34 5.4 过程分析 ............................................................................................................. 36 结 论 ................................................................ 37 致谢 .................................................................. 38 参考文献 .............................................................. 39 附录 .................................................................. 41