I. Reading comprehension
CHELYABINSK, Russia - A meteorite(piece of rock or metal that has reached the earth’s surface from out space) streaked across the sky and exploded over central Russia on Friday, raining fireballs over a vast area and causing a shock wave that smashed windows, damaged buildings and injured 1,200 people. People heading to work in Chelyabinsk heard what sounded like an explosion, saw a bright light and then felt the shock wave, according to a Reuters correspondent in the industrial city 1,500 km (950 miles) east of Moscow. The fireball, travelling at a speed of 30 km (19 miles) per second according to Russian space agency Roscosmos, had blazed across the horizon, leaving a long white trail that could be seen as far as 200 km (125 miles) away.
Car alarms went off, thousands of windows shattered and mobile phone networks were disrupted (扰乱). The Interior Ministry said the meteorite explosion, a very rare spectacle, also unleashed a sonic boom (音爆).
\said Viktor Prokofiev, 36, a resident of Yekaterinburg in the Urals Mountains. \blinded by headlights.\
The meteorite, which weighed about 10 tonnes and may have been made of iron, entered Earth's atmosphere and broke apart 30-50 km (19-31 miles) above ground, according to Russia's Academy of Sciences. The energy released when it entered the Earth's atmosphere was equal to a few kilotonnes, the academy said, the power of a small atomic weapon exploding.
The Emergencies Ministry said 20,000 rescue and clean-up workers were sent to the region after President Vladimir Putin told Emergencies Minister Vladimir Puchkov to ease the disruption and help the victims. The Interior Ministry said about 1,200 people had been injured, at least 200 of them children, and most from shards (碎片) of glass.
Experts drew comparisons with an incident in 1908, when a meteorite is thought to have devastated an area of more than 2,000 sq km (1,250 miles) in Siberia, breaking windows as far as 200 km (125 miles) from the point of impact.
Simon Goodwin, an expert from Britain's University of Sheffield, said that roughly 1,000 to 10,000 tonnes of material rained down from space towards the earth every day, but most burned up in the atmosphere. \events this big are rare, an impact that could cause damage and death could happen every century or so. Unfortunately there is absolutely nothing we can do to stop impacts.\1. When the meteorite fell to Earth in Russia, _________.
A. most of it was forced to land in remote areas to reduce destruction. B. it remained in one piece and traveled very fast across Russia. C. the shock wave from its explosion caused the damage and injuries.
D. it caused explosions and resulted in great loss of life and destruction of buildings. 2. What did the Russian government do after the impact happened?
A. It invited experts to make comparisons with the incident in 1908. B. It sent workers to the area to do rescue and clean-up work.
C. It urged experts to find ways to stop such events from happening. D. It arranged rescue teams to reduce the background radiation levels. 3. What can we infer from the text?[来源:www.shulihua.net]
A. The number of meteorites falling toward Earth may be on the rise in the future. B. Most of the meteorites falling toward Earth are destructive and uncontrollable. C. There are warning systems for objects falling from space in certain countries. D. Nothing could be done to bring down the rate of meteorites impacting the earth. II. 细节理解的解题技巧：
1. 扫题干 2. 抓关键词 3.定位置
4. 研选项(干扰项的特点)
1) 以偏概全 与原句的内容相似，但在程度有变动 2) 无中生有 明显不是文章的信息
3) 夸大/缩小 是原文信息，但故意增加或减少细节 4) 偷梁换柱 偷换文中细小信息
5) 半真半假 信息部分正确，部分错误
6) 答非所问 是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容 III. Practice
(A)
SEE a cell phone cover that you like on Taobao? Forget about placing an order, paying the bill online and waiting for days for it to be delivered to you. In the near future, you’ll be able to get it
in minutes just by hitting “print” on your computer. You might find it hard to believe that you could actually “print” an object like you would a picture. But it is not that hard to understand how it would work. Just as a traditional printer sprays ink onto paper line by line, modern 3-D printers spread material onto a surface layer by layer, from the bottom to the top, gradually building up a shape.
Instead of ink, the materials the 3-D printer uses are mainly plastic, resin and certain metals. The thinner each layer is – from a millimeter to less than the width of a hair – the smoother and finer the object will be.
This may sound like a completely new technology, but the truth is that 3-D printing has been around since the late 1980s. Back then, it was barely affordable for most people, so few knew about it. Last year, though, saw a big change in the 3-D printing industry – printers became much cheaper. For example, 10 years ago a desktop 3-D printer might have cost ￡20,000 (200,000 yuan), while now they cost only about ￡1,000, according to the BBC.
Taken out of the factory and introduced to more diverse and common uses, 3-D printing can create just about anything you can think of – flutes, bikinis, jewelry, aircraft parts and even human organs. In fact, scientists from Cornell University in New York have just made an artificial ear using a 3-D printer, according to Science Daily. The fake ear looks and acts exactly like a natural one. However, as 3-D printing becomes more commonplace, it may trigger certain problems – such as piracy. “Once you can download a coffee maker, or print out a new set of kitchen utensils on your personal 3-D printer, who will visit a retail store again?” an expert in 3-D printing told Forbes News. Even more frightening, what if anyone in the world could use a 3-D printer to print out a fully functioning gun?
1. According to the article, in the future, the 3-D printing technology will _____. A. enable people to make better purchases online
B. be applied as widely in our daily lives as computers C. revolutionize the way we make many products
D. shorten the time it takes for people to get what they buy online
2. What was the big event happening in the 3-D printing industry last year? A. The 3-D printing technology was taken out of the factory. B. The 3-D printer became more affordable for consumers.
C. The 3-D printer was used for medical treatment for the first time. D. 3-D printing technology began to be used in various fields.
3. How is the last paragraph developed?[来源:www.shulihua.netwww.shulihua.net] A. By analyzing a cause and an effect. B. By making comparisons.
C. By giving examples. D. By presenting research findings.
(B)
LAST year, more than a quarter million people worldwide died from pancreatic (胰腺的) cancer. After losing a close family friend to the disease, Jack Andraka, 16, learned firsthand just how deadly it can be.
That prompted the American teenager to create a simple and inexpensive test to detect pancreatic cancer at its earliest stage of development. Typically, the cancer is not discovered until it has reached later stages. So, Andraka’s invention is a breakthrough that could save many lives. How does a teenager create a test that scientists have been trying to figure out for years? “I got all of my information from the Internet,” Andraka said.
Andraka said the whole project started when a family friend died from pancreatic cancer. This made him take a sharp turn from his interest at the time: studying the impact that nano-particles – tiny particles found in consumer products like makeup and sunscreen – have on the environment. From the Internet, Andraka learned that people with pancreatic cancer have elevated (提升) levels of a protein called mesothelin in their blood, and that early detection is key to increasing the chances of survival.
He was so absorbed in his work that he snuck it into his biology class to read on his lap under his desk. His teacher caught him and took the papers away, Andraka said.
Realizing he needed a place to work, he sent 200 letters to researchers around the country asking for permission to use their laboratories. He received 199 rejections and one “maybe” from a professor at Johns Hopkins University. There, he was interviewed at the lab and finally earned an “OK” for his project.
Starting from a $1,500 (around 9,370 yuan) budget, he began growing cells and other materials – once again, he got these from the Internet – using the equipment in the lab. For six months, he worked on a solution until he had enough proof that it worked.
Andraka said the Internet opens doors for people with creative ideas.
“Instead of posting pictures of yourself or your food on Instagram (在线图片分享工具), you could be spending your time changing the world,” Andraka said. 4. What inspired Andraka to work on pancreatic cancer?
A. His teacher’s encouragement. B. The death of one of his family friends.
C. His parents’ suffering from the disease. D. His strong interest in medical research. 5. In what way is Andraka’s invention revolutionary?
A. He proved that nano-particles could be used to detect pancreatic cancer at an early stage. B. He discovered a solution which can make patients with pancreatic cancer fully recover.
C. He invented an effective way to help patients to lower levels of mesothelin in their blood. D. His method for detecting pancreatic cancer is simpler, cheaper and faster than current methods. 6. How did Andraka collect most of the information he needed for his research? A. By surfing the Web. B. By looking things up in libraries. C. With the help of a professor at Johns Hopkins University. D. By interviewing researchers around the country. 7. Which of the following can best describe Andraka?
A. He’s good at persuading people.[来源:www.shulihua.net数理化网] B. He is addicted to advanced technologies.
C. Once he sets a goal, he is determined to achieve it. D. In his teachers’ eyes, he is imaginative and attentive.
(C)
IT was just after sunrise on Feb 15. Anna Kolesnikova, 31, was getting ready for work when she looked out her window and saw a big burst of light in the sky. Suddenly she heard a loud explosion and the door to her balcony flew open. All of the car alarms on the street were going off. Kolesnikova crouched down in fear, bewildered as to what was going on.[来源:www.shulihua.netwww.shulihua.net]
Just like Kolesnikova, residents of Chelyabinsk, the Russian city 1,500 kilometers east of Moscow, were all thrown into a panic. “My first thought was that it was a plane crash,” a resident told The (London) Guardian. But what had actually happened was beyond their wildest guesses – it was a meteor (陨石) falling to Earth.
The meteor entered the atmosphere at a speed of 52,000 kilometers per hour, about 15 times the speed of a bullet, according to Xinhua News Agency. It then exploded into tiny pieces before reaching the ground. The force from the explosion was so strong that it blew out windows and damaged buildings. Nearly 1,200 people were injured by flying glass, but fortunately no one was struck directly by a falling piece of meteor.
Scientists from Russia’s Academy of Sciences said that the meteor weighed about 10 tons and was probably made of iron. One of the meteor pieces was found to have crashed into a frozen lake, leaving a 6-meter-wide hole in the ice, The Guardian reported.
However, this meteor is not the only alien object that has put Earth in danger. Less than a day after the meteor hit, an asteroid (小行星), known as 2019 DA14, passed by the Earth at a proximity of 27,520 kilometers, even closer than some television and weather satellites.
These two incidents aroused concerns about objects falling from space. Dmitry Rogozin, Russia’s deputy prime minister, called for an international push to create a warning system, because for now, “neither the US nor Russia has the capability to bring down such objects.”
But Simon Goodwin, an astrophysics expert from Britain’s University of Sheffield, said that there is no need to worry since such incidents are so rare. About 1,000 to 10,000 tons of meteors fall toward Earth every day, but most burn up in the atmosphere.
8. The underlined word “bewildered” in the first paragraph probably means ______.
A. annoyed B. confused C. disappointed D. curious
9. When the meteor fell to Earth in Russia, ______.[来源:www.shulihua.net] A. most of it was forced to land in remote areas to reduce destruction
B. it caused explosions and resulted in great loss of life and destruction of buildings C. the shockwave from its explosion caused most of the damage and injuries D. it remained in one piece and traveled much faster than a bullet
10. By mentioning 2019 DA14 in Paragraph 5, the author intends to ______. A. show that objects fall from space frequently
B. show that there are concerns about objects falling from space C. inform readers about constant threats to Earth
D. compare the asteroid and the meteor that hit Russia 11. What can we infer from the text?
A. The number of meteors falling toward Earth may be on the rise in the future. B. Most of the meteors falling toward Earth are destructive and uncontrollable.