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1) Understanding
a) Read 2 ¨C 3 times
i. Main idea ii. Topic ¨C way of thinking iii. Professional iv. New words ¸ù¾ÝÌâÒâ²Â£¬¸ù¾ÝͬÏò¡¢ÄæÏòÍÆÀí³ö£¬Óûù±¾¹¹´Ê·¨²Â b) Pronoun ´ú´Ê£¬Òª·Òë³öÀ´ c) ¸´ÔӾ䣬·ÖÎö¡¢ÇзÖ
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i. Words ii. Phrases ½é´Ê¡¢²»¶¨Ê±¡¢ÏÖ´ú·Ö´Ê¡¢¹ýÈ¥·Ö´Ê¡¢ÐÎÈÝ´Ê iii. ´Ó¾ä ¶¨Óï´Ó¾ä¡¢×´Óï´Ó¾ä iv. ¶ÌÓïÏ൱ÓڴӾ䣬ºÜÆÕ±é
2) Expression
a) A, Literal translation Ö±Òë word-for-word b) Free translation ÒâÒë c) ÒÔÖ±ÒëΪÖ÷£¬ÒâÒëΪ¸¨ 3) Checking
a) ¹ÛµãÐÔ´íÎó b) ´í±ð×Ö
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д×÷±ê×¼ Criteria Faithful ÖÒʵÔÎÄ Meaning Structure ʱ̬£¬½á¹¹ Fluent ͨ˳ Complete ÕûÌ壬²»ÄÜ©Òë
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½á¹¹ÉÏÔö´Ê ʱ̬£ºÕý¡¢Íê³Éʱ Êý£ºÕâ¸ö£¬s-ÃÇЩ ϰ¹ß±í´ï£ºthought ¡, ¡ ¾¡¹Ü¡µ«ÊÇ Svo unless svo. ³ý·Ç¡·ñÔò£¨²»È»£©¡ Èç¹û¡ÄÇô¡ ÒòΪ¡ËùÒÔ¡ A new kind of aircraft --- small, cheap and pilotless--- is attracting increasing attention.
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It is true that she is ill.
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Wash my face, brush my teeth and comb my hair. Ï´Á³£¬Ë¢ÑÀ£¬ÊáÍ·
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a) ´ÊÐÔ
She is musical. ÐÎÈÝ´Ê -> ¶¯´Ê
Are you for or against my proposals? ½é´Ê -> ¶¯´Ê Actually, it isn¡¯t that¡ ±íÓï -> ¶¯´Ê
b) ¾ä×ӳɷֵÄת»»
There is little change in her. ×´Óï -> Ö÷Óï
Great changes have taken place in Shenzhen in the last 30 years. ×´Óï -> Ö÷Óï
c) ´ÊÐòµÄת»»
Iron and steel plant ¸ÖÌú³§ Export & import Co. ½ø³ö¿Ú
Track & field sport meeting Ìï¾¶Ô˶¯»á Northeasterners ¶«±±ÈË Chinese American ÃÀ¼®»ªÈË At sixes and sevens ÂÒÆß°ËÔã
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English-speaking ½²Ó¢ÓïµÄ Back and forth ǰºó Sooner or later ³ÙÔç Sum Total ×ÜÊý
d) ´ÊÒåµÄÒýÉê
Don¡¯t brother me. ±ð¸úÎÒÌ×½üºõ¡£
Jack was a fixture of Real Madrid¡¯s games in his school days. ½Ü¿ËÊǻʼÒÂíµÂÀï±ÈÈüµÄÖÒʵÇòÃÔ¡£
We do chicken right. Å뼦ר¼Ò
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1. Greater efforts should be made to increase agricultural production if food
shortage is to be avoided.
2. Èç¹ûÏëÒª±ÜÃâÁ¸Ê³¶Ìȱ£¬ÄÇô£¨Ôö´Ê£©±ØÐë×ö³ö¸ü´óµÄŬÁ¦À´Ìá¸ßÁ¸Ê³²ú
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1. The first visiting group was given a warm welcome in Taiwan. 2. Ê×Åú¹Û¹âÍÅÔŲ́ÍåÊܵ½ÈÈÁÒ»¶Ó¡£
c) ¾µäµÄ±»¶¯¾äÐÍ
It is V-ed (said/reported/estimated) that
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a) It must be pointed out (admitted) that¡
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b) It is realized/suggested/believed that¡
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a) ²¿·Ö·ñ¶¨
Not/No (all, every, each, always, often, necessarily) i. Not every student in our class is from Shenzhen only.
²¢·ÇÎÒÃǰàµÄÿ¸öѧԱ¶¼À´×ÔÉîÛÚ¡£ ii. All that glitters is not gold.
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b) È«²¿·ñ¶¨
Non ÈýÕßÒÔÉϵķñ¶¨ Neither Á½Õߵķñ¶¨
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