句子的成分和基本句型导学案
专题一、句子成分：
组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：_____，_____，______，______，______，________，________。
第一、下面我们就来认识句子的各个成分，请勾画出那些要求的句子成分吧。
一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如:
Lily likes her new bike.(名词) He gets up early every day.(代词)
To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短语）
二、谓语—即谓语动词的位置—说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语用动词充当。例如：
We work hard. The boy caught a bird. He is my father. They all look fine.
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如：
I am reading. You are reading. He\\She is reading. We are reading.
三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如： Tom bought a story-book.（名词） I saw him yesterday. （代词）
He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短语）
直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如： He gave me some ink .
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如： My sister is a nurse.（名词）
They were at home.（介词短语） She got angry. （形容词）
Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（数词）
五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如： This is a green cup.（形容词）
Are these students your classmates? （代词）
Winter is the coldest season of the year.（介词短语） I have something important to tell you.（不定式） The people here are very friendly.（副词）
注意：形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。
六、状语——状语是修饰动词、形容词、或副词的，有的修饰全句。可以作状语的主要是副词和介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等。例如： You are quite right .（副词）
Mr.Wu comes to the school by bike. (介词短语)
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She will arrive in Beijing on Monday. （介词短语） He stopped to have a look. （不定式短语）
七、宾语补足语?????——有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个补足语，意思才能够完整。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。例如： We call her Xiao Li.
You must keep the room clean and tidy. John asked me to help him with his Chinese. I will have my hair cut tomorrow.
We saw the boy playing basketball on the playground just now.
句子成分巧记歌诀
主谓宾表定状补， 七种成分记清楚。 句子主干主谓宾（表），枝叶成分定状补。 定语修饰主宾表， 宾语之后常有补。 主谓人称数一致， 状语位置最灵活。
第二、练一练 指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。 1．We all study hard at English. A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D.表语 2．Betty likes her new bike very much. A. 主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语 3．My brother is a policeman. A. 主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语 4．Were you at home last night?
A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语 5．Winter is the coldest season of the year. A 定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语 6．He often walks in the park. A.定语 B.状语 C.宾语 D.表语 7．Mary asked me to help her yesterday. A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语 8．He bought me a nice present last week. A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补 9．His parents are doctors. A.宾语 B.表语 C.谓语 D.定语 10．I’ll get you some tea now. A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补
专题二、简单句的基本句型：
第一、认识句子的五中基本写法。
由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）所构成的句子叫简单句。根据句子的基本结构，简单句分为5种基本句型：
1． S＋V;（主语 ＋ 不及物动词）
I can swim. 我会游泳。 Everything changes. 万物都在变。 2．S＋V＋O;（主语＋＋及物动词＋宾语）
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I like English. 我喜欢英语。 They are reading books . 他们在看书。 3．S＋V＋P;（主语＋连系动词＋表语）
My mother is a scientist. 我母亲是个科学家。 She looks young. 她看上去很年轻。
4．S＋V＋IO＋DO;（主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
My mother bought me a dictionary yesterday. 我母亲昨天给我买了本字典。 Can you give me the math book? 你能给我那本数学书吗？ 5．S＋V＋O＋Oc;（主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋补语）
We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们必须保持教室干净、整洁。
My mother asks me to speak English as much as possible. 我母亲要求我尽可能多地讲英语。 I heard her singing happily in the room just now. 刚才我听到她在房间里高兴地唱着歌。
简单句五种基本句型巧记歌诀： 英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。 句型种类看动词，后接成分是关键。 系词之后接表语，不及物后无需连。 及物又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见。 还有宾语补足语，各种搭配记心间。
第二、练一练 指出下列句子的基本类型 1．They are listening. 2．My mother is fifty now. 3．I have bought three books.
4．My friend gave me a birthday present. 5．I painted the wall white.
6．The boss often makes the workers work twelve hours a day. 7．They arrived at six o’clock. 8．The map is on the wall 9．Children often sing this song. 10．Mr Wu teaches us English.
11．She showed her friends all her pictures. 12．I find him a lovely boy.
第四部分：强化训练
一、请朗读以下句子，划分下列句子的成分，并指出他们分别属于简单句中的哪种。
1. Our country consumes a large number of plastic bags. 2. The super-thin bags are the main source of white pollution. 3. We should encourage people to return to carrying cloth bags.
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4. The new rule came out.
5. Environmental groups welcome the new rule. 6. They can stop using plastic bags.
7. What is particularly positive is that it involves public participation. 8. Shops don’t offer free plastic bags to their consumers.
9. Hong Kong and Australia are considering measures to curb plastic bag litter. 10. Chinese consumers have gotten used to free plastic shopping bags.
第五部分、作业。 用五个简单的句子，写出有关于自己的五个特点或者基本情况。 1. 我的名字是****，今年***岁。
___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 我很喜欢****学科，并且我很擅长于英语口语。
___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 父母和老师经常告诉我们好好学习。
___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 大学，我来了！
___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 为了学好语言，我给自己买了两本字典。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
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