摘 要
随着数字技术的快速发展，数字技术被广泛应用于智能控制的领域中。单片机以体积小、功能全、价格低廉、开发方便的优势得到了许多电子系统设计者的青睐。它适合于实时控制，可构成工业控制器、智能仪表、智能接口、智能武器装置以及通用测控单元等。
本文以AT89S51单片机为核心设计了全自动洗衣机控制系统。本系统实现了对洗衣机整个洗衣过程的控制包括用户参数输入、洗衣、脱水和结束演奏四个阶段。控制系统主要由电源电路、数字控制电路和机械控制电路三大模块构成。电源电路为数字控制电路提供稳定的5V直流电压为电动机提供220V市电；数字控制电路负责控制洗衣机的工作过程主要由AT89S51单片机、两位共阴数码管、按键、蜂鸣器、LED指示灯组成；机械控制电路实现水位检测、电机驱动、进水、排水等功能主要由水位检测器、电动机、进水排水电磁阀组成。
本系统的电路并不复杂给AT89S51单片机载入软件程序后能够实现全自动洗衣机的基本功能。虽然不能与电器市场上的洗衣机控制系统媲美但也具有一定的实用性。 关键词：单片机；全自动洗衣机；实时控制；控制系统
Design of Washing Machine Control System Based On 51 Single-Chip
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基于MCS-51单片机的洗衣机控制系统设计
Abstract
With its rapid development,digital technology is widely used in the field of control system. Single chip microcontroller is favored by many electronic system designers for its smallness, full function, low price and easy application. It’s pretty fit for real-time control as a core in industrial controller, intelligent apparatus, intelligent interface, intelligent weapon device, universal measure control unit, etc.
This article designs a full-automatic washing machine control system with AT89S51 as core. This system realizes whole working course of full-automatic washing machine, including four parts: user parameter input, wash, dehydrate and ending music play. Hardware system is made up of three modules: power supply circuit, digital control circuit and machine control circuit. Power supply circuit provides steady DC 5V voltage for digital control circuit and AC 220V for motor. Digital control circuit takes charge of controlling the working course. it consists of AT89S51, double-figured common-cathoded numeral display, buttons, buzzer, LEDs. Machine control circuit realizes the functions of water level detect, motor driven, water import and export, it consists of water level detector, motor, transmission system components and penstocks.
After downloading the program to AT89S51, this circuit can realize basic functions of full-automatic washing machine. It seems hard for this control system to compare with perfect ones in the electrical appliance market, but it has certain practicability.
Keywords: SCM; Full-automatic washing machine; Realtime control; Control system
目 录
引 言 ............................................................. - 1 - 第1章 绪论 .......................................................... - 2 -
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1.1 本课题的研究目的和意义 ........................................... - 2 - 1.2 洗衣机的发展和分类 ............................................... - 2 - 1.3 洗衣机的基本工作原理 ............................................. - 3 - 第2章 设计方案 ...................................................... - 5 - 2.1 控制系统的功能 ................................................... - 5 - 2.2 系统的设计方案 ................................................... - 5 - 第3章 硬件设计 ...................................................... - 8 - 3.1洗衣机的整体电路模块 ............................................. - 8 - 3.2 电源电路 ......................................................... - 8 - 3.3 数字控制电路 ..................................................... - 9 - 3.3.1 AT89S51单片机主控模块 ....................................... - 9 - 3.3.2单片机的时钟电路 ............................................ - 12 - 3.3.3 单片机的复位电路 ........................................... - 13 - 3.3.4指示灯显示模块 ............................................. - 14 - 3.3.5 按键输入模块 ............................................... - 15 - 3.3.6 蜂鸣器报警模块 ............................................. - 15 - 3.4 机械控制电路 .................................................... - 15 - 3.4.1电动机的控制电路 ........................................... - 15 - 3.4.2 水位控制电路 ............................................... - 16 - 3.4.3进水/排水电磁阀 ............................................ - 16 - 第4章 软件设计 ..................................................... - 17 - 4.1 主程序设计 ...................................................... - 17 - 4.1.1 进水程序设计 ............................................... - 18 - 4.1.2 洗涤过程程序设计 ........................................... - 18 - 4.1.3 脱水、漂洗过程程序设计 ..................................... - 18 - 4.2 内部定时中断设计 ................................................ - 20 - 4.3 外部中断设计 .................................................... - 20 - 第5章 调试 ......................................................... - 22 - 5.1 硬件调试 ........................................................ - 22 - 5.2 软件调试 ........................................................ - 22 - 结论与展望 .......................................................... - 23 - 致 谢 ............................................................ - 25 - 参考文献 ............................................................ - 26 - 附 录A：系统总图 .................................................... - 27 - 附 录B：外文文献及译文 .............................................. - 28 - 附 录C：主要参考文献及摘要 .......................................... - 33 - 附 录D：源程序 ...................................................... - 35 -
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