1. 写出下列反应的历程。
+
解:
CH3CHCH2OHCH3H+-H2OH2SO4C(CH3)3
CH3CHCH2OHCH3H+H3CCCH2CH3重排H3CCCH3CH3+
+HC(CH3)3C(CH3)3-H+
2. 写出下列反应历程:
+CH3CH2CH2BrAlBr3CH(CH3)2
解:
CH3CH2CH2Br+AlBr3AlBr4CH3CH2CH2++重排CH3CHCH3
++CH3CHCH3CH(CH3)2HH+CH(CH3)2
3. 写出苯与正戊酰氯在AlCl3催化下的反应产物及反应历程。
解:
n-C4H9COCl+AlCl3n-C4H9C+OHCC4H9-nO+[AlCl4]-+n-C4H9C+O+-H+C-C4H9-nO[AlCl4]-+H+
AlCl3+HClHBr
4. 用方程式解释下列反应的机理: CH2=CH-CHCH3 CH2=CH-CHCH3 + BrCH2CH=CHCH3 OH Br 1
解:
5. 用方程式解释下列反应的机理:
HOCHHBr
2CH=CHCH3 BrCH2CH=CHCH3 + CH2=CHCHCH3 解: Br
6. 试解释下列反应的机理:
解:
CH3CH3CHCHOHH+33OH2+-H2OCH3CH3+碳正离子重排CH3CH+3CH+3+- H+CH3+
2
7. 试解释下列反应的机理:
CH3
CH3+
CH3CH3HOH解:
反应的机理为:
H3CCH3OHH3CH+CH3+CH3重排 CH3-H+CH3+CH38. 写出甲烷和氯气在光照下发生氯代反应生成一氯甲烷的反应机理。
解:
hv
(1) Cl22Cl(2) Cl+CH4CH3+HCl(3) CH3+Cl2(5) Cl+CH3CH3Cl+CH3Cl Cl+Cl(4)
ClCl2CH3CH3(6) CH3+CH39. 反应历程解释下列反应事实
解:
10. 用反应历程解释下列反应事实。
3
解: 反应历程如下:
11. 设计出下列反应的可能历程:
OCCH2CH2CH2Cl
AlCl3OCH3
解:
OAlCl4CCH2CH2CH2Cl+AlCl3O+CCH2CHCH3O+O+CCH2CH2CH2重排OH+O+CCH2CHCH3
HCH3CH3
12. 写出反应机理:
CH3OCH2COCl+CH2CHCH3AlCl3CH3OCH3CH3OCH2COClAlCl3AlCl4CH3O+O
解:
2=CHCH3 CH2COCH+CHCHCH32 4
O
CH3OCHCH3OOO2COCH2+H+CH3O+CH CHHCH33CH3
13. 用反应机理解释下列反应过程:
CH2CH2CHC(CH3)3H2SO4OHHCH3CCH33
CH+CH重排2CH2CHC(CH3)H32SO4解:
OHH2CH2CHC(CH3)22OCH3CH3+CH+H+2CH2CHC(CH3)2CHH
HH3CCH333CCHCH33
HCH314. 写出下列反应的机理:
H3C3CCHH3O+2CH3CH3
H3C3O+H解: HH3C+H3C+3CCHH23CCH3H3CCH重排3
H3CHOH3CH3CCH2+3芳构化CH3CH3
5