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南开大学865专业英语2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题
南开大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题
学院：100外国语学院 考试科目：865专业英语 专业：英语语言文学
注意：请将所有答案写在专用答题纸上，答在此试题上无效！ 语言学（50分）
Ⅰ. Define the following terms with examples where necessary:（每小题2分，共10分）
duality
assimilation diglossia displacement register
Ⅱ. Work out the distinctive features of the sounds given blow:（每小题1分，共5分）
1. [m] 2. [f] 3. [h] 4. [e] 5. [u]
Ⅲ. Identify the meaning relations of the following pairs: (每小题1分，共5分) parent/child far/near dead/alive
politician/statesman lion/cub
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions: (每题10分，共30分)
In English, the phoneme /p/ is pronounced differently in words such as pat, spat, or tap. Can you form a rule that can generalize this linguistic phenomenon?
In the following three sentences, the particle “up” stays in different positions, i.e. immediately after the verb in between the noun phrase and the relative clause; and at the end of the sentence.
Can you formulate a syntactic rule to explain the position changes of the particle?
She stood up the man who offered her a diamond. She stood the man up who offered her a diamond. She stood the man who offered her a diamond up.
3. What kind of implicature do the following exchanges of conversation possibly make?
A: The skirt she is wearing is beautiful, isn’t it? B: Oh, the pattern is nice.
(The conversation is made when Speaker B knows for sure the obvious beauty of
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the skirt.)
英美文学 （50分）
Ⅴ. Define briefly the following terms. （本题共20分，每小题4分） Walt Whitman and Leaves of Grass
Old English, middle English and modern English Realism Sonnet Alliteration
Ⅵ. Reading and Interpreting.（本题共30分，每小题3分）
Questions 1 to 6 are based on the following poem by Sir Philip Sidney. Sonnet 31
With how sad steps, O Moon, thou climb’st the skies! How silently, and with how wan a face! What, may it be that even in heavenly place That busy archer his sharp arrows tries? Sure, if that long with love-acquainted eyes Can judge of love, thou feel’st a lover’s case; I read it in thy looks; thy languisht grace To me that feel the like, thy state descries. Then, even of fellowship, O Moon, tell me, Is constant love deemed there but want of wit? Are beauties there as proud as here they be? Do they above love to be loved, and yet
Those lovers scorn whom that love doth possess? Do they call virtue there ungratefulness?
What question does the poet speaker ask in lines3-4?
According to lines 5-9, what do the speaker and the moon have in common? In your own words, tell what the speaker asks in lines 10-14.
What does the description of the moon in lines 1-8 suggest about the speaker’s emotion when he is in love?
What do the questions that conclude the poem imply about the object of the speaker’s love?
What is the rhyme scheme of this poem?
Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following passage from Catch-22 by Joseph Heller.
“Sure there’s a catch,” Doc Daneeka replied. “Catch-22. Anyone who wants to get out of combat duty isn’t really crazy.”
There was only one catch and that was Catch-22, which specified that a concern for one’s own safely in the face of dangers that were real and immediate was the process of a rational mind. Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions. Orr would be crazy to fly more missions and sane if he didn’t, but if he was sane he had to fly them. If he flew them he was crazy and didn’t have to; but
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if he didn’t want to he was sane and had to. Yossarian was moved very deeply by the absolute simplicity of this clause of Catch-22 and let out a respectful whistle.
“That’s some catch, that Catch-22,” he observed. “It’s the best there is,” Doc Daneeka agreed.
Yossarian saw it clearly in all its spinning reasonableness. There was an elliptical precision about its perfect paris of parts that was graceful and shocking, like good modern art, and at times Yossarian wasn’t quite sure that he saw it at all, just the way he was never quite sure about good modern art or about the flies Orr saw in Appleby’s eyes. He had Orr’s word to take for the flies in Appleby’s eyes.
“Oh, they’re there, all right,” Orr had assured him about the flies in Appleby’s eyes after Yossarian’s fist fight with Appleby in the officers’ club, “although he probably doesn’t even know it. That’s why he can’t see things as they really are.”
“How come he doesn’t know it?” inquired Yossarian.
“Because he’s got flies in his eyes,” Orr explained with exaggerated patience. “How can he see he’s got flies in his eyes if he’s got flies in his eyes?”
It made as much sense as anything else, and Yossarian was willing to give Orr the benefit of the doubt because Orr was from the wilderness outside New York City and knew so much more about wildlife that Yossarian did, and because Orr, unlike Yossarian’s mother, father, sister, brother, aunt, uncle, in-law, teacher, spiritual leader, legislator, neighbour and newspaper, had never lied to him about anything crucial before. Yossarian had mulled his newfound knowledge about Appleby over in private for a day or two and then decided, as a good deed, to pass the word along to Appleby himself.
“Appleby, you’re got flies in your eyes,” he whispered helpfully as they passed by each other in the doorway of the parachute tent on the day of the weekly milk run to Parma.
“What?” Appleby responded sharply, thrown into confusion by the fact that Yossarian had spoken to him at all.
“You’ve got flies in your eyes,” Yossarian repeated.“That’s probably why you can’t see them.”
7. What is catch-22 described in the passage?
8. Why is the description of catch-22 (paragraph 2) followed by the story of Appleby having flies in his eyes?
9. According to Joseph Heller, “The only freedom we really have is the freedom to say no.” Do you agree or disagree with him? Support your opinion with examples from historical or personal experience.
10. Is catch-22 relevant to the societies? Support your opinion with examples from historical or personal experience.
翻译（50分）
Ⅶ 英译汉：Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15分)
America is needed to lead. The global trading system has many enemies, but in recent times the man in the White House could be counted as its main champion33. As the driver of the world’s great opening, America has gained hugely in terms of power and prestige, but the extraordinary burst of growth that globalization has
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