未成年人论文：我国未成年人犯罪刑罚制度研究
【中文摘要】未成年人犯罪是一种特殊的犯罪类型,它与成年人犯罪在犯罪的特征、刑罚的适用、执行方法等方面有着显著不同的特点,从而形成了相对独立的未成年人刑罚设置制度。从我国未成年人犯罪法律规定的几大特点来看,现行未成年人犯罪的刑罚设置上存在着诸多不尽完善的地方,须加以重新审视。本文主要从我国未成年人概念及年龄范围规定入手,以未成年人刑事责任能力为基础展开讨论,通过对未成年人犯罪的界定和理解,对未成年人承担刑事责任的特有原则和刑种适用问题展开论述,分析现有未成年人犯罪矫正措施的缺陷,最后对如何对未成年人进行社区矫正,完善我国未成年人刑罚执行制度提出思考,以期对我国未成年人刑事责任体系的构建起到一定的参考和借鉴作用。在引言中,笔者主要针对我国刑法及刑事诉讼法中尚未设立专门的未成年人刑事诉讼特别规定的立法现状,指出在没有增设未成年人刑事诉讼特别程序篇之前,为了更好地保护未成年人权益,在我国现有法律规定的基础上,完善未成年人犯罪刑罚制度的必要性和紧迫性。第一章,未成年人刑事责任概念。从未成年人的词义解释入手,通过纵向以及横向的对比,对未成年人年龄规定作出界定,紧接着对刑事责任能力与未成年人年龄的关系进行辨析。通过与其他地区相关法律规定的对比,分析我国对未成年人刑事责任能力规定的合理性。第二章,未成年人犯罪的刑罚适用。通过对广义和狭义的青少年犯罪介绍,及我国《刑法》、《预防未成年人犯罪法》等法条
对未成年人犯罪的定义进行界定。阐述了我国对未成年人犯罪刑事案件处理的特有原则的立法原因、必要性及重要作用。进而对我国《刑法》中,对未成年人犯罪的刑种适用规定进行探讨。第三章,对未成年人犯罪的刑罚执行及非刑罚处罚方式。本章节将未成年人犯罪的刑罚处罚及非刑罚处罚方式分别进行介绍,通过对刑罚执行及矫正措施的比较,体现出我国“教育、感化、挽救”的方针。同时指出我国刑法体系对未成年人犯罪刑罚设置的种种不足。第四章,尝试阶段的社区矫正制度。社区矫正作为一项新型矫正措施,在我国施行时间不长。本章通过笔者的实际工作经验,对社区矫正这种对未成年人犯罪的非监禁刑罚方式存在的制度上的缺陷进行论述。在结论中,笔者再次强调了实现我国未成年人刑罚设置的科学化的重要性,指出形成一个符合未成年人年龄和特点,又具有全面制裁犯罪功能的未成年人刑罚体系的紧迫性和必要性。
【英文摘要】Juvenile delinquency is a particular type of crime that distinguishes itself from adult crime in terms of characters of crimes, application of punishment and means of enforcement. Hence, a relatively independent minor’s criminal responsibility system has been introduced. The several features of China’s juvenile delinquency law shows the deficiencies in the current system of juvenile criminal responsibility, where the re-evaluation is needed.Start with review on China’s current definition of juvenile and the range
of age, this paper bases its discussion on juvenile criminal liability. In addition, by defining and understanding the juvenile delinquency, author move to the dissertation for special principles and penalty application for Juvenile Criminal Liability, and gives the analysis on the deficiencies in the Juvenile Delinquency Correctional System. Finally, this article raises the questions and suggestions on how to learn from beneficial experience overseas and apply community correction, so as to perfecting China’s juvenile penalty implementation system, with the hope of providing some reference significance to the construction of China’s Juvenile criminal liability systems.In the introduction, in view of the absence of a special juvenile criminal proceeding in China’s Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Law, and in order to better protect juveniles’rights on the basis of existing law, the author address the necessity and urgency in improving the criminal juvenile delinquency system before the set up of additional juvenile criminal proceedings.ChapterⅠ, the concept of criminal liability of minors. By the defining the word“minors”, conducting comparison both vertically and horizontally, author determine the age scope of minors, followed by the analysis on the relationship between criminal