模拟1
You stare at a waterfall for a minute or two, then shift your gaze to its surrounding. What you now see appears to drift upward. You __1
are board a train in a busy station when suddenly another train next __2 to your starts moving forward. __3
For a fraction of a second you feel that your train has lurched backward. These optical illusions occur because the brain is constantly matching its model of reality to signals from the body’s sensors and interpret what must be happening – that your train __4 might have moved, not the other; that downward motion is now __5 normal, so a change from it must be perceived as upward motion. The sensors that make this magic are two kinds. __6
Each eye contains about 120 million rods, which provide somewhat blurry black and white vision. These are the windows of night vision; once adapted to the dark, they can detect a candle burnt __7
ten miles away. Colorful vision in each eye comes from six to seven __8
million structures called cones. Under ideal conditions, every cone can ―see‖ the entire rainbow spectrum of visible colors, but one type of cone is most sensitive to red, another to green, the third to __9
blue. By monitoring how many wavelength of light affects the different cones, a connected ganglion cell can determine its ―color‖ and relay that data. Rods and cones send their messages pulsing on __10
average 20 to 25 times per second along the optic nerve.
模拟 2
The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The most developed a legal system becomes, the more __1
societies takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment __2 of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to dealing with __3
an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personal carrying out judgment and punishment __4
upon the person who did the offense. __5
But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes personalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for __6
protecting individuals from violence. In cases where he cannot be __7 protected, the society is responsible for committing punishment. __8 In a state controlling legal system, individuals are removed __9
from the circle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the __10 state assumes responsibility for their protection.
模拟 3
There are three main groups of oils: animal, vegetable and mineral. Great numbers of animal oil come from whales, those enormous __1
creatures of the sea which are the largest remaining animals in the world. To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a thick cover of fat called blubber. When the __2
whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either board the ship or on shore. It produces a great quantity of oil which __3
can be made into food for human consumption. A few other creatures yield oil, and none so much as the whale. The livers of the cod and __4
the halibut, two kinds of fish, yield nourishing oil. Both cod liver oil and halibut liver oil are given to sick children and other invalids who need certain vitamins. These oils may be bought at any chemist. Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. __5
No household can not get on without it, for it is used in cooking. To __6 the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important as another.
But when the politician or the engineer refers to oil, one almost always __7
means mineral oil, the oil that drives tanks, aeroplanes and warships,motor-cars and diesel locomotives; the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machineries. This is the oil that has changed the life __8
of the common men. To it we owe the existence of the motor-car, __9 which has replaced the private horse-drawing carriage. __10
模拟4
Dinosaurs, saber-tooth tigers and the dodo bird are famous examples __1 of animals that have become extinct. In case of the dinosaurs, it __2 seems likely that a catastrophic event alters the global climate __3
enough to lead to their disappearance. More recent extinctions and near-extinctions－such as the blue whales, tiger, panda, and __4
North American bison—have been the direct result of human activity. By the early 1990s, species were becoming extinct at a rate of three per hour, or 27,000 every day – a figure quoted by the American biologist Edward O.Wilson of Harvard University, based on his most conservative estimates. This rate of extinctions carries with it some terrible consequences. Each plant that becomes extinct,for example, may take with it as much as 30 insects and animals __5
that depend on it for food. Habitat loss is one of the most important causes of extinction. For rising populations in many countries __6
lead to the clearing of more land, habitats such as raining forest __7 and grasslands disappear.
In the East Africa, once renowned for its wildlife, few wild animals __8 remain living outside the boundaries of national parks and game __9
reserves. In other parts of the world, coastal ecosystems are clearing __10
for development. Wetland areas are drying out as a result of water extraction to support farming and tourism. Bird species are among the worst affected by the loss of wetlands.
模拟5
Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economical causes: it is not due simply to the bad __1
influence of this or that individual writers. But an effect can become __2 a cause, reinforce the original cause and producing the same effect __3 in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take drink __4 because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the most __5
completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the sloven of our language __6
makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is that the process is irreversible. Modern English, especially written English, __7
is full of bad habits which spread by imitation and which can beavoided if one is willing to take the necessary trouble. If one gets rid of these habits one can think more clearly, and think clearly is a __8
necessary first step towards political regeneration: so that the fight against bad English is not frivolous and is not the exclusive concerning __9
of professional writers. I will come back to this present, and I hope __10
that by that time the meaning of what I have said here will have become clearer.
模拟6
Our obsession with thinness is also fueled by health concerns.It is true that in this country we have more overweighted people __1
than ever before, and that, in many cases, being overweight correlates an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. __2
These diseases, therefore, may have as much to do with our __3 way of life and our high-fat diets as with excessive weight. And __4 the associate risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more __5 about a dietary problem—too much fat and a lack of fiber than a __6
weight problem.The real concern, then, is not that we weigh too much, but that we neither exercise enough or eat well. Exercise is necessary __7
for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced diet
without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases.We should surely stop paying so much attention on weight. __8
Simply being thin is not enough. It is actually hazardy if those who __9
get(or already are) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall life-style. Thinness can be purely vainglory. __10
模拟7
To be called beautiful is thought to name something essential to women’s character and concerns.