航海英语听力与会话第三版-三副精选
口述部分 Charter 5
1.Describe the duties of watch-keeping when underway.
When you are on watch-keeping, you will be responsible to the master for the proper performance of his assigned bridge watchstanding and navigational duties. When the ship is underway ,the chief officer will be on duty during 4 to 8 and 16-20; the second officer will be on duty during 0-4 and 12-16; the third officer will be on duty during 8-12 and 20-24.
At each watch, the officers on watch should check the ship’s positions at least 4 times, change the steering gear from auto-pilot to manual-pilot 1time. They also check ship’s course, speed, and the weather condition, navigational equipments conditions.
The officers duty’s spot is at the bridge, they should keep sharp look-out at all time. They can do nothing expect look-out and take proper avoiding actions. Usually they should patrol the whole ship once a watch at night for avoid fire or other unnormal things happened. ********************************** 2. Describe the bridge shift change.
Shifting change is very important for the safety of a ship. When an officer goes to the bridge for taking over for duty, he must know the present course, speed, position, and must be informed the situation of other vessels which are near.
The relieving officer should go to the bridge 15 minutes advance. Firstly, he should get habit to the sighting, especially in the night. Secondly , he should ask the relieved officer something, such as ship’s course, speed, position. Thirdly , he should go into the chart room to check the conditions. At night he should read and sign the night order.
The change of conn must be clearly stated and logged including the actual time that it took place. The relieving officer must sign the night order book to indicate understanding of the master’s orders.
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3. Describe the differences between navigating in a narrow channel and in traffic separation scheme.
If you are a driven power vessel and you are proceeding along the course of a narrow channel, you shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel which lies on your starboard side as is safe and practicable. You shall avoid cross a channel and anchor in a channel.
If you are a driven power vessel and you are using a traffic separation scheme, you shall proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane You shall avoid cross lane and anchor in lane, traffic line or separation zone.
In traffic separation scheme, there are traffic line or separation zone, but in narrow channel not.
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4. Describe advantage various tools or technologies for proper lookout.
Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper lookout by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full
appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision,
The features of radar observation are as follows: (1) limitations of the radar equipment, small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not by detected by radar at an adequate range;; (2) imposed by the radar range scale in use; Weather and other sources of interference; (3) the more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity.
The advantages of visual lookout are as follows: (1) It is the based means of looking –out; (2) the situation can be readily apparent, and so on.
There are many tools and technologies to be used in look-out, for example, when you use a radar, you should switch the radar standby first, then you should proper adjust it ,include range, tuning, gain, contrast, anti-clutter sea, anti-clutter rain. You can detected the bearing and distance of a object with radar.
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5. Describe the preparation to be done by the responsibility of prior to arrival.
The chief officer is the head of the deck department. He is assisted by a second officer, a third officer, a bosun, a carpenter, and some AB. The chief is responsible for caring cargo , for example, making stowage planning, holds preparation, loading, stowage, discharging. The second officer is responsible for watch pertaining to navigation publications and equipment. The third officer is responsible for watch duties pertaining to fire-fighting appliances and life-saving appliances and maintenance. The are all assigned to bridge to be proper performance watchstanding and navigational duties.
The chief officer is responsible to the master for the operation , administration , and supervision of the deck department The chief officer, carpenter and 2-3 AB are assigned to the fore station. And the some time, the second, bosun and 2-3 AB are assigned to the aft station. They should prepare to mast fast lines. The third is at the bridge , his duty is to carry out the captain’s or pilot’s order ----------------------------------- Charter8
1. Describe fire precaution on board.
The third officer is in charge of fire-fighting equipments and life-saving equipments. In order to ensure the fire-fighting equipments can be used in the time when the vessel is on fire, the third officer should check the fire equipments on board regularly. For example, to check the co2 extinguishers by weighting.
The procedures of a fire drill is as follows: (1) sound fire alarm ; (2) crew connecting at the station.; (3) the chief officer numbers the crew and ask someone what is his duties on a fire-fighting; (4) to drill how to use some of the extinguisher ; (5) summary the fire dill; (6) cancel the alarm,
************************************** 2. Describe damage control on board.
Vessels may be making water after collision, ground or other marine’s accident. The third officer should check damaged control equipments regularly. He should check water-proof blanket, blocking mats, blocking planks, blocking cases, blocking screws and other damage control.
After a vessel is damaged and is making water, the conditions of damaged and the position of damaged must be investigated immediately. Then estimating the threaten which is caused by the
damaged. According to the fact , taking proper activities to control flooding and pump out flooding-water.
The distinct kinds of control making water should be taken to relate different damaged position, e.g. below water line and above water line. **************************************
3. Describe the measures taken on board if aground.
When a ship is being aground , it may be to list, or trim. According to the different situations, you can decide where is being aground.
If your vessel is aground, I advice you to take actions as follows: (1) de-ballast or jettison cargo, it can make your vessel re-float by reducing its displacement; (2) require tugs’ assistance, tugs can pull or push your vessel from the shallow to deep water; (3) waiting the tide, the depth of water will raise when the tide is rising, so your vessel may re-float. (4) shifting cargoes or liquid, adjusting vessel’s list, trim, to make the vessel’s grounded part clear of the bottom, and then you will be re-float.
When you pay to re-float your vessel, you should take some special attention, the first thing is to decide where is ground and the situation. The second is to decide that the vessel is making water or not.
*************************************** 4. Describe the measures taken on board if on fire.
Switch on fire alarm immediately while finding fire. The fire alarm is belling for one minute, and one long blast is indicating fore; two long blasts is indicating aft; three long blasts is indicating middle, or bridge; four long blasts is indicating the engine room.
After the fire has been extinguished, crew should check the fire area every 10 minutes for avoiding the fire re-ignition , sent men for keeping and report. After making sure the fire is not re-ignition, the crew can cancel the fire alarm, and the chief officer should enter the event into the log-book.
You should foam extinguisher to fighting an oil-fire, dry power extinguishers to fighting an electric fire. The carbon dioxide extinguisher will be caused the least damaged in fire-fighting. --------------------------------------- 第1章口述题
1. Please say something about your hometown.
My hometown is in JIANGSU(江苏), the south of CHANGJIANG（长江）river of China. The population in my hometown is about 500,000. There are many rivers in my hometown.
The environment of my hometown is very beautiful .The people of my hometown are kind-hearted. E.g. sometimes they will invite a new friend to their home to have dinner with their families.
There many specialties in my hometown,for example,the silk from Suzhou,Biluochun Tea,and so on.
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