苏北A市生活垃圾卫生填埋场工艺设计
班 级： 学生姓名： 学 号： 指导教师： 学校 x年x月x号
中国矿业大学2014届本科生毕业设计 第 1 页
中国矿业大学2014届本科生毕业设计 第 2 页
摘 要
随着我国经济实力增强，人口高速增长，人民生活水平提高，城市化进程不断加速，城市所产生的垃圾也越来越多。由于人口基数大，我国早已成为世界上年产垃圾最多的国家，并且垃圾量还以每年9%左右的增长速率继续增加，因此城市垃圾处理已成为政府和百姓关注的焦点。目前垃圾处理主要分为焚烧，卫生填埋和堆肥三种。由于卫生填埋具有操作简单、投资和运行成本低廉、对垃圾无特殊要求等优点，目前已成为我国城市垃圾处理的主要方式。
本设计根据A市自然地理和经济情况以及各处理方式的比选最终选择卫生填埋法处理该市垃圾。因为该市垃圾产量大，所以对填埋场进行分区建设，并通过预测未来的垃圾量以及相应的规范选择了符合要求的场地。随着垃圾填埋时间的增长，会产生一定量的渗滤液和填埋气体，因此需要建设相应的防渗工程和导排系统阻止污染物对周围环境的污染，并对这些污染物进行处理与利用。
关键词：卫生填埋场；水平防渗；渗滤液处理；填埋气体导排和利用
中国矿业大学2014届本科生毕业设计 第 3 页
ABSTRACT
With the development of economy ,population,living standards and accelerating urbanization,the amount of waste is also increasing.Due to the great population base,China has become the country with the largest annual waste in the world,and the waste continues to increase in the growth of 9%.So the disposal of municipal waste has raised the focus of the government and people.Currently,there are three methods of municipal waste disposal,including incineration,sanitary landfill and composting.Due to sanitary landfill is simple ,the costs of investment and operating is not too much and no special requirements for waste,etc,it has become the main method of the disposal of municipal waste.
According to economic, natural geographic and the comparison of the three methods,we choose sanitary landfill to dispose the waste in A city finally.Because the amount of waste is large,wo decide to build the landfill separately and choose the most suitable land according to the prediction of waste and design standards.During the degradation of waste,landfill leachate and gas is produced ,so we need to build appropriate seepage engineering and drainage system to protect the environment from contamination,and try to dispose and use them well.
Keywords:sanitary landfill；horizontal seepage；treatment of landfill leachate；use and guide of landfill gas .
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目 录
一、概述 ................................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
1.1工程概况 ....................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 设计原则与范围 .......................................................................................................... 7
1.2.1编制原则 ............................................................................................................ 7 1.2.2处理方案选择原则 ............................................................................................ 7 1.3 设计依据 ...................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 规范和标准 .................................................................................................................. 8 二、工程基础资料 ..................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 城市概况 ...................................................................................................................... 8
2.1.1地理位置 ............................................................................................................ 8 2.1.2社会环境概况 .................................................................................................... 8 2.1.3经济概况 ............................................................................................................ 8 2.1.4交通运输 ............................................................................................................ 9 2.2 自然条件 ...................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.1地形地貌 ............................................................................................................ 9 2.2.2 气象资料 ........................................................................................................... 9 2.2.3 水文地质 ........................................................................................................... 9 2.2.4 地震与防洪 ....................................................................................................... 9 2.3 A市环境卫生现状和规划 ........................................................................................... 9
2.3.1A市环境卫生现状 ............................................................................................. 9 2.3.2A市环境卫生规划简述 ................................................................................... 10 2.3.3垃圾量预测 ...................................................................................................... 10 2.3.4垃圾处理方式选择 .......................................................................................... 11
三、卫生填埋场厂址选择 ....................................................................................................... 12
3.1填埋容积预测 ............................................................................................................. 12 3.2填埋场区域确定 ......................................................................................................... 13 3.3填埋场类型 ................................................................................................................. 13 3.4填埋场等级划分与规模确定 ..................................................................................... 13 3.5 填埋场选址条件 ........................................................................................................ 13
3.5.1场址禁设地区 .................................................................................................. 13 3.5.2选址条件 .......................................................................................................... 14 3.6场址比选与场址确定 ................................................................................................. 14 3.7场址结论 ..................................................................................................................... 16 四、卫生填埋场工程设计 ....................................................................................................... 16
4.1 填埋物要求 ................................................................................................................ 16
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4.2填埋库容的计算 ......................................................................................................... 17 4.2.1垃圾坝高度的确定 .......................................................................................... 17 4.2.2填埋边坡的设计 .............................................................................................. 17 4.2.3填埋场库容设计计算 ...................................................................................... 18 4.2.4垃圾坝的结构 .................................................................................................. 18 4.2.5垃圾坝坝型 ...................................................................................................... 18 4.2.6垃圾坝防渗 ...................................................................................................... 19 4.3填埋场使用年限和分区确定 ..................................................................................... 19 4.4填埋场土方清理 ......................................................................................................... 19 4.5防渗工程设计 ............................................................................................................. 20
4.5.1水平防渗 .......................................................................................................... 20 4.5.2防渗系统的锚固 .............................................................................................. 22 4.6渗滤液收集和导排系统 ............................................................................................. 22
4.6.1渗滤液的产量 .................................................................................................. 23 4.6.2渗滤液收集系统 .............................................................................................. 24 4.7渗滤液调节池 ............................................................................................................. 25 4.8地下水导排系统 ......................................................................................................... 27 4.9场区雨水导排系统 ..................................................................................................... 27
4.9.1防洪标准 .......................................................................................................... 27 4.9.2洪水计算 .......................................................................................................... 28 4.9.3临时截洪沟 ...................................................................................................... 28 4.9.4堆体表面排水沟 .............................................................................................. 28 4.9.5道路边线排水沟（永久截洪沟） .................................................................. 29 4.9.6截洪沟的建设安排 .......................................................................................... 29 4.10监测井 ....................................................................................................................... 29 4.11填埋操作 ................................................................................................................... 29 4.12填埋作业设备选型 ................................................................................................... 31 4.13封场和最终覆盖系统 ............................................................................................... 32
4.13.1封场工程设计 ................................................................................................ 32 4.13.2封场后土地使用 ............................................................................................ 33
五、渗滤液处理工程 ............................................................................................................... 33
5.1渗滤液的水质水量 ..................................................................................................... 33
5.1.1渗滤液水量 ...................................................................................................... 33 5.1.2渗滤液进出水水质确定 .................................................................................. 33 5.2渗滤液处理方法 ......................................................................................................... 33
5.2.1设计原则 .......................................................................................................... 33 5.2.2渗滤液处理工艺比选 ...................................................................................... 34 5.3推荐方案工程设计 ..................................................................................................... 36