2. He ________ at the camp last week. 3. We ________ students two years ago. 4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year. 6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There _______ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
五、行为动词的过去时 练习一（一）用行为动词的适当形式填空 1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago. 2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night. 3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween.
4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week. 5. I ______ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday. 6. They ______ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson. 7. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival. 8. The girls ____ (sing) and ___ (dance) at the party.
小学英语语法【五】现在完成时
1）现在完成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。
2）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday.
3）. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had four texts this semester. 6. have been to 和have gone to的区别
have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如： He has been to the USA three times.
他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）
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have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如： --Where's your mother? --你妈妈在哪？ --She has gone to the hospital. --她去医院了。 一 结构
1.肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他 2.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他 3.一般疑问句：have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他 Yes, 主语+have/has. No , 主语+have/has+not
4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他 二 常和现在完成时一起连用的时间状语
注意:.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for, since连用.
1.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, lately，Just, already, yet, ever, never, before, twice(重复性时间)， for+短时间， since+点时间， so far, how long 提问的疑问句中.......
He has already obtained a scholarship. I haven't seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ? 2. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用, 如ever, never, twice, several times等: Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman several times.
3. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,
如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等: Peter has written six papers so far.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
三 当现在完成时与表示短时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延续性动词。 若不是和短时间连用，则不用转化。
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英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。
1. 持续性动词: 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。
常见的study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。
2. 瞬间性动词: 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。
常见的--begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等
3. 瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常用意思相当的持续性动词来替换
He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. （他参军已有3年了。）不用has joined She has been up for quite some time. （她起床已有好久了。）不用has got up
Has your brother been away from home for a long time? （离家已有好久了吗？）不用has left 常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：
1、go—be away 2、come—be here 3、come back—be back 4、leave—be away（be not here） 5、buy—have 6、borrow—keep 7、die—be dead 8、begin—be on 9、finish—be over 10、open—be open 11、close——be closed 12、lose——be lost 13、get to know—know 14、turn on—be on 15、get up——be up 16、sit down—sit/beseated 17、join—be in（…） 或be a…member 18、become—be
4. 瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用 例如：I haven’t seen you for a long time.（好久没见到你了。）
一、单项选择
1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _______what’s happened to him .
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ. will know 2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he?
Ａ. already Ｂ. never Ｃ. ever Ｄ. still 3、Have you met Mr. Li ______？
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ.a moment ago 4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written 5、—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes. I hope it will be even ____
Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed; good Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed; better 6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
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Ａ. was; studying Ｂ. will; study Ｃ. has; studied Ｄ. are; studying 7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see 9、—These farmers have been to the United States
—Really? When _____ there?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone 10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.
Ａ. Did; do; finished Ｂ. Have; done; finished Ｃ. Have; done; have finished Ｄ. will; do; finish 11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in D. has been in 12、—Do you know him well ?
—Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have mad 113、—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months.
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. Arrived 14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes.
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. Began 15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .
Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. Was 16、 Miss Green isn't in the office. she _______ to the library.
Ａ. has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been 17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.
Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they 19 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
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20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the universit
小学英语语法【六】过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如：
I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。 They were waiting for you yesterday.他们昨天一直在等你。 过去进行时的构成：
肯定形式：主语+was/were+V-ing
否定形式：主语+was not (wasn't)/were not (weren't)+V-ing 疑问形式：Was/Were+主语+V-ing。 基本用法：
1.过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week…), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday…)，when sb. did sth等时间状语从句，如： What were you doing at 7p.m. yesterday? 昨天晚上七点你在干什么？
I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. 我第一次遇到玛丽是在三年前，当时她在一家无线电商店工作。
I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 她敲门时我正在做饭。
2. when后通常用表示暂短性动词，while后通常用表示持续性动词，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如：
When the car exploded I was walking past it.= While I was walking past the car it exploded.
3.when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如：
I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
4. when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：
I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。
We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了 一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较：
一般过去时表示“在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态”，而过去进行时则表示“在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作”。
如：Tom wrote a letter to his friend last night. 汤姆昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。（信写完了）
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