设计总说明
本设计为某啤酒厂啤酒废水处理工艺设计。啤酒废水水质的主要特点是含有大量的有机物，属高浓度有机废水，故其生化需氧量也较大。该啤酒废水处理厂的处理水量为5000 m3/d。原污水中各项指标为：BOD浓度为1200 mg/L,COD浓度为2000 mg/L，SS浓度为700 mg/L。因该废水BOD值和COD值较大,不经处理会对环境造成巨大污染，故要求处理后的排放水要严格达到国家二级排放标准,即：BOD≤20 mg/ L，COD≤100 mg/ L，SS≤70 mg/ L。
经分析知该处理水质属易生物降解又无明显毒性的废水，可采用两级生物处理以使出水达标。一级处理主要采用物理法，用来去除污水中的悬浮物质和无机物。二级处理主要采用生物法,包括厌氧生物处理法中的UASB法和好氧生物处理法中的SBR法，可有效去除污水中的BOD、COD。本设计工艺流程为：
啤酒废水 → 格栅 → 污水提升泵房 → 调节沉淀池 → UASB反应器→预曝气沉淀池→ SBR池 →处理水（污泥）
整个工艺具有总投资少，处理效果好，工艺简单，占地面积省，运行稳定，能耗少的优点。
关键词：啤酒废水处理，高浓度有机废水，UASB法，SBR法
General information of design
This design is the brewery water treatment of a Beer Company. The main distinguishing feature of the brewery water is that it contains massive organic matters and it belongs to the high concentration organic wastewater, so its biochemical oxygen demand is also high. The water which needs to be treated in the beer wastewater is 5000 m3/d. The concentrations of BOD, COD and SS are 1200 mg/L, 2000mg/L and 700 mg/L, respectively. For the high value of BOD and COD for the brewery water, it can pollute the environment if it is discharged without disposal. So it is required to be strictly meet the secondary discharge standard of National Wastewater Discharge Standards which requests BOD≤20 mg/ L, COD≤100 mg/ L, SS≤70 mg/ L.
After the analysis, the brewery water can biodegrade easily and has no obvious toxicity, so we use two levels of biological treatment to treat the drained water meet the designated standard. The first level of processing mainly uses the physical methods, which remove the suspended matter and the inorganic substance in the wastewater. The second level of processing is the biological methods, contains UASB (Up flow anaerobic sluge blanket) of anaerobic oxygen biology methods and SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) of demand oxygen biology methods, which could reduce BOD and COD in the waste water. The technological process of this design is:
Beer wastewater → Screens →Swage lift pump house → Regulates sendimatation tank →Tank of UASB →pre-aeration sedimentation tank → Tank of SBR →Treatment water (sludge) .
The technology has many advantages such as low investment, high efficiency, simple process, less occupied area, steady running and energy saving.
Keyword: Brewery Water，High Concentration of Organic Wastewater，UASB Process，
SBR Process
1 前言
啤酒是当今风靡世界最流行的饮料之一，我国啤酒厂的吨酒耗水量较大，一般为 8 t～12 t，部分厂家可达 10 t～20 t，每生产1 t啤酒将产生废液4 mL，而西方先进国家每产1 t啤酒废水排放量约4 mL，废水排放接近于耗水量的90％。啤酒以大麦芽为主要原料，加酒花，经酵母发酵酿制啤酒，年产量15万 t。其生产工艺流程见图 1.1。
麦芽 糖化 过滤 麦汁煮沸 沉淀槽 麦汁冷却 大米 糊化 生产废水 发酵 外运 杀菌 洗瓶罐装 清酒 过滤
图1.1 啤酒生产工艺流程
啤酒废水来自于啤酒生产各工序中的排放，主要污染物成分是糖类、醇类、氨基酸、果胶、啤酒花、维生素、蛋白等有机物及钾、钙、镁的硅酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐等无机物。啤酒废水具有有机物浓度高，具有水量大、悬浮物及有机物含量高、COD波动大、BOD/COD高等特点，其中BOD/COD值较高，属于中等浓度有机废水，直接排入水体，在自然降解的过程中使水中的微生物大量繁殖，从而消耗了自然水体中的溶解氧，造成水体缺氧，导致水质发黑变臭，严重影响渔业、农业、工业及饮用水源，破坏人类的生存环境。另外，上述成分多来自啤酒生产原料，弃之不用不仅造成资源的巨大浪费，也降低了啤酒生产的原料利用率。如何既有效地处理啤酒废水又充分利用其中的有用资源，已成为环境保护的一项重要研究内容。