(2) Zn2+NaOH£¨Å¨£©? (3) Hg+NaOH? (4) Cu+NaOH£¨Å¨£©? (5) Cu+NaOH ? (6) Ag+NaOH?
(7) HgS+Al+OH£¨¹ýÁ¿£©? (8) Cu2O+NH3+NH4Cl+O2? ´ð
(1) Hg2 + 2OH = HgO¡ý + Hg¡ý + H2O (2) Zn + 2OH= Zn(OH)2
Zn(OH)2 + 2OH = Zn(OH)4 (3) Hg + 2OH= HgO + H2O (4) Cu+ 4OH = Cu(OH)4 (5) 2Cu + 2OH = Cu2O¡ý + H2O (6) 2Ag + 2OH = Ag2O¡ý + H2O
(7) 3HgS + 2Al + 8OH = 3Hg + 2Al(OH)+ 3S (8) 2Cu2O + 8NH3 + 8NH + O2 = 4Cu(NH3)4+ 4H2O
5. ¸ÅÊöÏÂÁкϳɲ½Ö裺
£¨1£© ÓÉCuSºÏ³ÉCuI£» £¨2£© ÓÉCuSO4ºÏ³ÉCuBr£»
£¨3£© ÓÉK[Ag£¨CN£©2]ºÏ³ÉAg2CrO4£» £¨4£© ÓÉ»ÆÍ¿óCuFeS2ºÏ³ÉCuF2£» £¨5£© ÓÉZnSºÏ³ÉZnCl2£¨ÎÞË®£©£» £¨6£© ÓÉHgÖÆ±¸K2[HI4]£» £¨7£© ÓÉZnCO3ÌáÈ¡Zn£»
£¨8£© ÓÉAg£¨S2O3£©2ÈÜÒºÖлØÊÕAg¡£
3?-4+
2+
-4-
2-+
-+
-2+
-2-2+
-
-2-2+
-
2+
--+2+2+2+
´ð
(1) 3CuS + 2HNO3 + 3H2SO4 = 3CuSO4 + 3S¡ý + 2NO¡ü +4H2O 2CuSO4 + 4KI = 2CuI¡ý + I2 + 2K2SO4
(2) CuSO4 + Cu + 2KBr = 2CuBr¡ý + K2SO4 (3) 2K[Ag(CN)2] + Zn = Ag¡ý + K2[Zn(CN)4]
3Ag + 4HNO3 = 3AgNO3 + NO¡ü + 2H2O 2AgNO3 + K2CrO4 = Ag2CrO4¡ý + 2KNO3 (4) CuFeS2 + O2 = Cu2S + 2FeS + SO2¡ü
Cu2S + 22HNO3 = 6Cu(NO3)2 + 3H2SO4 + 10NO¡ü + 8H2O Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaOH = Cu(OH)2 + 2NaNO3 Cu(OH)2 + 2HF = CuF2 + 2H2O
(5) ZnS + 2HCl + n H2O = ZnCl2nH2O + H2S
ZnCl2 nH2O = ZnCl2 + n H2O
(6) 3Hg + 8HNO3 = 3Hg(NO3)2 + 2NO ¡ü+ 4H2O
Hg(NO3)2 + 4KI = K2[HgI4] + 2KNO3 (7) ZnCO3 + H2SO4 = ZnSO4 + CO2 ¡ü+ H2O
2ZnSO4 + 2H2O = 2Zn +O2¡ü + H2SO4
(8) Ag(S2O3)2 + 8Cl2 + 10H2O = AgCl¡ý + 15Cl+ 4SO4+ 2OH
AgCl + 2NH3 = [Ag(NH3)2]Cl
[Ag(NH3)2]Cl + HCOOH = Ag¡ý + CO2 ¡ü+ H2O + NH3 ¡ü+ HCl 2[Ag(NH3)2]+ Zn = 2Ag¡ý + [Zn(NH3)4]
2[Ag(NH3)2] + CH3CHO + 2OH= CH3COONH4 + 2Ag¡ý + 3NH3 ¡ü+ H2O
6. ÊÔÉè¼ÆÒ»¸ö²»ÓÃH2S¶øÄÜʹÏÂÊöÀë×Ó·ÖÀëµÃ·½°¸ Ag£¬ Hg2£¬ Cu£¬ Zn£¬ Cd£¬ HgºÍAl ´ð
»ìºÏÈÜÒº
+
+
-
+
2-3--
2-
-
2?2+2+2+2+3+
HCl ¨U
AgCl,Hg2Cl2 Cu,Zn,Cd,Hg,Al
2+
2+
2+
2+
3+
NH3?H2O KI£¨¹ýÁ¿£©
HgNH2Cl +Hg Ag(NH3)2 CuI Zn,Cd,HgI4,Al
+
2+
2+
2-3+
NH3?H2O
2+2+
HgNH2I,HgNH2Cl,Al(OH)3 Zn(NH3)4, Cd(NH3)4 NaOH ¨U¦¤ Zn(OH)2 ,Cd(OH)2 HgNH2I,HgNH2Cl Al(OH) NaOH
Cd(OH)2 Zn(OH)4
7. ½«¿ËÍ¡ªÂÁºÏ½ðÑùÆ·Èܽâºó£¬¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿µâÀë×Ó£¬È»ºóÓá¤dmNa2S2O3ÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨Éú³ÉµÃµâ£¬¹²ÏûºÄÈÜÒº£¬ÊÔÇóºÏ½ðÖÐ͵ÃÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý¡£ ½â£º 2Cu + 2I = CuI + I2
I2 + 2S2O3 = S4O6 + 2I 2CuÓëI2, 2S2O3
2+
2- 2+
2-
2-2--2+
--3
2-
4-
Ï൱
-3
¼´CuÓëS2O3µÄÁ¿ÏàµÈΪ£º ¡Á¡Á10
Cu£¥ = nCu¡¤MCu/¡Á100£¥
= ¡Á¡Á¡Á100£¥/ =£¥
8. ¼ÆËãÏÂÁи÷¸ö°ëµç³Ø·´Ó¦µÃµç¼«µçÊÆ£º £¨1£© Hg2SO4+2e £¨ÒÑÖª
??Hg-
2Hg+SO4?2?
-7
2?2/=£¬KSP(Hg2SO4)=¡Á10£© Hg ?1 £¨2£© CuS
??2?Cu2S
??3Cu
?? £¨ÒÑÖª?Cu=£¬ 2?/?=£¬?/CuCu?/Cu?K?=¡Á10£¬Ksp(CuS)sp(Cu2S)=¡Á10£©
-36
-48
?? £¨?CuS/Cu2S= ¡ª£¬?Cu2S/Cu = ¡ª£¬?CuS/Cu= ¡ª£©
?£¨1£© ½â£º Hg2SO4 + 2e- £½ 2Hg + SO4
Hg2 + SO4 = Hg2SO4 K
¦Èsp2+
2-
2-
(Hg2SO4) = [Hg2]¡¤[SO4]
2-3
2+2-
Áî [SO4] = dm [Hg2] = K
2+2+
¦Èsp
(Hg2SO4) = ¡Á10 mol/dm
¦È
-73
E(Hg2/Hg) = E(Hg2SO4/Hg)
E(Hg2/Hg) = E(Hg2/Hg) + 2lg[Hg2] = + 2lg¡Á10) = ¼´ E(Hg2SO4/Hg) =
£¨2£© ½â£º 2CuS + 2e = Cu2S + S
ECuS/Cu2S = ECu/Cu+ 2lg([Cu]/[ Cu]) = ECu/Cu+ 2lg(K
-362
¦È
2+
+
¦Èsp
¦È
¦È
2+
+
2+2
+
-2-¦È
-7
2+
¦È
2+
2+
CuS/ K
-48
¦È
sp
Cu2S)
= + 2lg[¡Á10)/¡Á10] = Cu2S + 2e = 2Cu + S
¦È
¦È
+
-2-
ECu2S/Cu = ECu/ Cu + 2lg[Cu] = ECu/ Cu + 2lg K = + ¡Á10 =
-48
¦È
+
¦Èsp
+2
Cu2S
CuS + 2e= Cu + S
ECuS/Cu = ECu/Cu + 2lg[Cu] = ECu/Cu + 2lg K
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2+
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+
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2+
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2+
- 2-
CuS
¦Èsp
=(ECu/Cu + ECu/ Cu)/2 + 2lg K = + + 2lg¡Á10) =
-36
CuS
9. ½«ÎÞË®ÁòËáÍ£¨¢ò£©ÈÜÓÚË®ÖУ¬µÃµ½ÈÜÒºA¡£ÓùýÁ¿µÃNaClÈÜÒº´¦ÀíÈÜÒºAµÃµ½ÈÜÒºB¡£µ±ÈÜÒºBÓùýÁ¿µÃSO2´¦ÀíÖ®ºóÔÙÓÃˮϡÊÍ£¬Éú³É³ÁµíC¡£½«³ÁµíÂ˳ö²¢ÓÃÕôÁóˮϴµÓºó£¬ÈܽâÓÚ°±Ë®µÃµ½ÎÞÉ«ÈÜÒºD£¬DÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖо²ÖÃʱѸËÙ±ä³ÉÀº×ÏÉ«ÈÜÒºE¡£ÈçÔÙÏòÈÜÒºE¼ÓÈë´óÁ¿Íм£¬ÔòµÃµ½ÎÞÉ«ÈÜÒºF¡£ £¨a£©ËµÃ÷ÈÜÒºAºÍBµÄÑÕÉ«£¬²¢Ð´³öÔÚÈÜÒºÖÐÖ÷Òªº¬Í×é·ÖµÃ»¯Ñ§Ê½£» £¨b£©ËµÃ÷³ÁµíCµÄÑÕÉ«ºÍ»¯Ñ§Ê½£» £¨c£©ÔÚEÖÐÖ÷Òªº¬Í×é·ÖµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½Ê±Ê²Ã´ £¨d£©¼òµ¥½âÊ͵±ÈÜÒºD±ä³ÉÈÜÒºEʱËù·¢ÉúµÄ±ä»¯ £¨e£©ÈÜÒºDºÍÈÜÒºFÔÚ×é³ÉÉÏÓÐÎÞÇø±ð ´ð
£¨a£© A: À¶É« Cu(H2O)4 B: »ÆÉ« CuCl4 £¨b£© C: °×É« CuCl £¨c£© E£ºCu(NH3)4
£¨d£© 4Cu(NH3)2 + O2 + 2H2O + 8NH3 = 4Cu(NH3)4+ 4OH £¨e£© DºÍF Ïàͬ¾ùΪº¬Cu(NH3)2Àë×ÓµÄÈÜÒº
10. ÏÂÃæÁ½¸öƽºâ£º
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+
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Hg2
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Hg + Hg
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