DC-DC 开关电源设计报告

DC-DC开关电源设计

DC-DC 开关电源设计

[摘要]:随着开关电源在计算机、通信、航空航天、仪器仪表及家用电器等方面的广泛应用, 人们对其需求量日益增长, 并且对电源的效率、体积、重量及可靠性等方面提出了更高的要求。开关电源以其效率高、体积小、重量轻等优势在很多方面逐步取代了效率低、又笨又重的线性电源。

电力电子技术的发展,特别是大功率器件IGBT和MOSFET的迅速发展,将开关电源的工作频率提高到相当高的水平,使其具有高稳定性和高性价比等特性。开关电源技术的主要用途之一是为信息产业服务。

本文介绍了一款基于PWM技术的DC-DC开关稳压电源。输出纹波小,电压稳定可靠.

[关键词]:开关电源,DC-DC,AP1501A,高频变压器

[Abstract]: With the switching power supply in the computer, communications, aerospace, instruments and household appliances such as extensive use of the growing demand of its people, and the efficiency of the power, volume, weight and reliability, raised more high demand. Switching power supply with its high efficiency, small size and light weight advantages of gradually replaced in many ways inefficient, heavy, clunky, linear power supply.

The development of power electronics technology, particularly high-power IGBT and MOSFET devices the rapid development of the switching power supply operating frequency up to very high level where it has a high stability and high cost performance and other characteristics. Switching power supply technology is one of the main uses for the information industry services.

This article describes a technique based on the PWM DC-DC switching power supply. Output ripple voltage is stable and reliable.

[Keywords]: switching power supply, DC-DC, AP1501A, high frequency transformer

DC-DC开关电源设计

目 录

1

前言 ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 1.2

课题背景 ................................................................................................................................................ 1 开关电源技术的亮点 ............................................................................................................................ 2

1.1.1 1 开关电源的三个重要发展阶段 .................................................................................................... 1

功率半导体器件性能 .................................................................................................................... 2

1.2.2 开关电源功率密度 ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.3 DC-DC发展概况 ................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3.1 DC/DC转换器对工艺技术提出新要求 ........................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 DC/DC转换器对电路设计的新要求 ............................................................................................... 4 1.3.3 DC/DC控制器向数字多相发展 ....................................................................................................... 5 1.4 本论文的内容及研究意义 .................................................................................................................... 6

2

开关电源的分类及主要应用 ......................................................................................................................... 6 2.1

开关电源的分类 .................................................................................................................................... 6

1.2.1

常见的开关电源型式 .................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.2 DC/DC 变换 ...................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 开关电源的主要应用技术 .................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 高频磁性元件 ................................................................................................................................ 7 2.2.2 软开关技术 .................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.3 同步整流技术 ................................................................................................................................ 8 2.2.4 功率因数校正(PFC)变换器 .......................................................................................................... 8 2.2.5 电磁兼容性 .................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.6 系统集成技术 ................................................................................................................................ 9

3

系统方案设计................................................................................................................................................. 9 3.1 3.2 3.3 4

系统框图 ................................................................................................................................................ 9 DC-DC芯片选型 ................................................................................................................................. 10 本系统DC-DC选型 ............................................................................................................................ 10

2.1.1

3.2.1 DC-DC选型的基本原则 ................................................................................................................. 10

系统硬件设计............................................................................................................................................... 11 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5

电路原理简介 ...................................................................................................................................... 11 AP1501A简介 ..................................................................................................................................... 11 220V转DC12V电路设计 .................................................................................................................. 12 DC-DC原理图设计 ............................................................................................................................. 13 效率的分析及计算 .............................................................................................................................. 13

4.3.1 AC-DC电压变换电路原理图设计 ................................................................................................. 12

5 6 7 8

结论与展望................................................................................................................................................... 14 鸣 谢 .......................................................................................................................................................... 15 参考文献 ...................................................................................................................................................... 15 附 录:总电路图 ....................................................................................................................................... 16

DC-DC开关电源

1

1.1 课题背景

前言

开关稳压电源(以下简称开关电源)问世后,在很多领域逐步取代了线性稳压电源和晶闸管相控电源。早期出现的是串联型开关电源,其主电路拓扑与线性电源相仿,但功率晶体管工作于开关状态。随着脉宽调制(PWM)技术的发展,PWM开关电源问世,它的特点是用20kHz的载波进行脉冲宽度调制,电源的效率可达65%~70%,而线性电源的效率只有30%~40%。因此,用工作频率为20 kHz的PWM开关电源替代线性电源,可大幅度节约能源,从而引起了人们的广泛关注,在电源技术发展史上被誉为20kHz革命。 随着超大规模集成(ultra-large-scale-integrated-ULSI)芯片尺寸的不断减小,电源的尺寸与微处理器相比要大得多;而航天、潜艇、军用开关电源以及用电池的便携式电子设备(如手提计算机、移动电话等)更需要小型化、轻量化的电源。因此,对开关电源提出了小型轻量要求,包括磁性元件和电容的体积重量也要小。此外,还要求开关电源效率要更高,性能更好,可靠性更高等。这一切高新要求便促进了开关电源的不断发展和进步。

1.1.1 1 开关电源的三个重要发展阶段

40多年来,开关电源经历了三个重要发展阶段。

第一个阶段是功率半导体器件从双极型器件(BPT、SCR、GT0)发展为MOS型器件(功率MOS-FET、IGBT、IGCT等),使电力电子系统有可能实现高频化,并大幅度降低导通损耗,电路也更为简单。

第二个阶段自20世纪80年代开始,高频化和软开关技术的研究开发,使功率变换器性能更好、重量更轻、尺寸更小。高频化和软开关技术是过去20年国际电力电子界研究的热点之一。

第三个阶段从20世纪90年代中期开始,集成电力电子系统和集成电力电子模块(IPEM)技术开始发展,它是当今国际电力电子界亟待解决的新问题之一。

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