职称英语备考真题 2011年职称英语等级考试真题（理工类B级）
学派网职称英语团队原创翻译
0 第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Lakes, Too, Feel Global Warming
There?s no doubt: In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it has been in hundreds of years. Around the world, people are starting to measure the effects of global warming and trying to figure out what to do about it.
Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world, and they found that lakes are heating up. Between 1985 and 2009, satellites recorded the nighttime temperatures of the surfaces of 167 lakes. During those 24 years, the lakes got warmer by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.
In some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years. That difference may seem small—you might not even notice it in your bath. But in a lake, slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae（水藻）, and algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.
The study shows that in some regions, lakes are warming faster than the air around them. This is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well, scientists can get a better picture of global warming. The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.
That?s going to be useful, since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change. Scientists aren?t the only ones concerned. Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of the planet. Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it, especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse（温室）gases we put into the air.
That?s why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC. Every year the convention meets, and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.
16．Scientists have been keeping records of lake temperatures for over 30 years.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
17．The temperatures of lakes around the world have increased greatly between 1985 and
2009.
职称英语备考真题 A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 18．Lakes seem to be warming faster in Asia.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 19．A slight temperature increase in a lake could be harmful to fish.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
20．Scientists generally focus on air temperatures when studying global warming.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 21．Global warming is less threatening to small countries.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 22．UNFCCC?s annual meeting will be held in Mexico this year.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
湖泊也感受到了全球变暖
毫无疑问，在过去的几十年里，地球的温度要比几百年前的高。世界各地的人们开始估量全球变暖带来的影响，并设法想出如何应对。
最近科学家们在使用卫星研究世界各地湖泊的温度，他们发现湖泊在升温。卫星记录了从1985年到2009年167个湖泊的夜间温度。在这24年期间，这些湖泊每年平均升温大约0.045摄氏度。
在有些地方，湖泊每年升温高达0.10摄氏度。以这个速度，一个湖泊仅仅十年内就会升温整整一摄氏度。一度的区别可能看起来很小——你洗澡的时候甚至都不会注意到。但是在湖泊里，温度稍微升高可能就意味着更多的水藻，而水藻又可使湖水对鱼类造成毒害。
研究表明，在有些地区，湖泊比它们周围的空气升温更快。这点很重要，因为科学家经常使用空气温度的测量数据来研究地球是如何变暖的，而利用湖泊温度数据能让科学家们对全球变暖的情况有一个更好的了解。科学家们说湖泊相关的数据给了他们一个新的方式来估量气候变化对全球的影响。
这些研究会很有帮助，因为没有任何一个国家太大或者太小而能够忽略气候变化。科学家们并不是唯一跟全球变暖相关的人群。生活在地球上的每个人都将会受到全球变暖的影响。很多国家的领导人认为我们可以为此做些什么，尤其是可以减少我们排入空前中的温室气体。
这就是为什么美国成立了《气候变化框架公约》，也叫《联合国气候变化框架公约》。每年会议都会召开，来自世界各地其他国家的代表聚在一起谈论气候变化，并讨论全球解决方案来应对全球变暖带来的挑战。
1 第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
The iPad
职称英语备考真题 1 The iPad is a tablet computer（平板电脑）designed and developed by Apple. It is particularly marketed as a platform for audio and visual media such as books, periodicals, movies, music, and games, as well as web content. At about 1.5 pounds (680 grams), its size and weight are between those of most contemporary smartphones and laptop computers. Apple released the iPad in April 2010.and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 days.
2 The iPad runs the same operating system as iPod Touch and iPhone. It can run its own applications as well as ones developed for iPhone. Without modification.it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its online store.
3 Like iPhone and iPod Touch, the iPad is controlled by a multitouch display—a break from most previous tablet computers, which uses a pressure-triggered stylus（触控笔）. The iPad uses a Wi-Fi data connection to browse（浏览）the Internet, load and stream media, and install Software. Some models also have a 3G wireless data connection which can connect to GSM 3G data networks. The device is managed and synchronized by iTunes on a personal computer via USB cable.
4 An iPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things. There are lots of iPad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate. Some of these are how to use social networking sites and other online options. One of the most common uses is for e-mail services. iPad applications like Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options. They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts.
5 While the iPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users. Some companies are adopting iPads in their business offices by distributing or making available iPads to employees. Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients, medical professionals accessing health records during patient exams, and managers approving employee requests. A survey by Frost& Sullivan shows that iPad usage in workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employee productivity, reduced paperwork and increased revenue.
iPad
iPad是由苹果公司设计和研发的一种平板电脑。其市场定位是专门为书籍、期刊、电影、音乐、游戏以及网页内容这些音视频媒体提供一个平台。iPad重约1.5英镑（680克），它的形状以及重量处于同时期的智能机以及笔记本电脑之间。苹果公司在2010年的四月发布了iPad，在80天内卖了300万台。
iPad使用的操作系统和iPod Touch以及iPhone相同。iPad既能使用自己的应用程序，又能使用为iPhone设计的程序。不修改的话，它只能应用经过苹果公司批准并且发布在苹果网上商店的程序。
和iPhone以及iPod一样，iPad是由多点触控显示所控制——跟之前大部分的平板电脑区分开来，之前的平板电脑使用的是触控笔。iPad使用无线数据连接来浏览互联网，加载流媒体并安装软件。有些型号还有3G无线数据连接，可以和全球移动通信系统的3G数据网络连接。iTunes通过USB线连到个人电脑上后可以对这个设备进行管理和同步。
iPad有不同的特点以及应用，可以用来执行各种不同的有趣事情。iPad有很多应用
职称英语备考真题 程序，iPad用户可以用来提高他们交流的方式。其中有些应用程序就是如何使用社交网站以及其他的在线选择。最普遍的一个用途是邮件服务。比如Markdown Mail这个应用有各种特殊的独有的选择，供客户采纳。它们可以让用户将他们的邮件账号私人化。
虽然iPad绝大部分是被个人消费者使用，但也有一些商业用户开始使用iPad。一些公司的商业办公室正在采用iPads，给员工分配iPad或者是让员工能用上iPad。在工作场所使用iPad的例子包括律师回应客户，医学专业人员在给病人检查的时候查看健康档案，经理批准员工的请求。Frost& Sullivan做的一个调查显示，在工作场所使用iPad的目标是提高员工的工作效率，减少纸质办公以及增加收益。
2 第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?
Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication — having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.
The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.
On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning（扫描）equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn?t remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer?s doctor didn?t agree.
What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.
As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it?s best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it?s wise not to use your mobile phone too often.
手机：挂断还是继续聊？
职称英语备考真题 如今数以百万的人在使用手机。在很多地方，如果不用手机会被认为不正常。在很多国家，手机在年轻人中很流行。他们认为手机不仅是一种联系方式——有一个手机表明他们很酷，和外界有关联。
手机使用在全世界范围内的爆炸式的增长让有些健康专家很着急。有些医生担心未来很多人会因为使用手机遭到健康问题。在英国，关于这个问题有个很严肃的辩论。手机公司担心这种思想的宣传会产生负面影响。他们认为没有证据证明使用手机有害健康。
另一方面，为什么一些医学研究表明使用手机的部分人群的脑细胞发生了改变呢？大脑以及头部组织的变化迹象能通过现代的扫描设备检测出来。有个例子就是一个旅行推销员很年轻就因为严重的失忆而退休了。他甚至连一些简单的任务都记不住。他经常忘记自己儿子的名字。这个人在几年时间内，每周的每个工作日都要使用电话长达六个小时。他的家庭医生责怪他不该过多使用手机，但是老板的医生不这么认为。
是什么让手机存在潜在的危害呢？答案是辐射。高科技机器能够检测到手机里的极少量辐射。手机公司承认是有辐射，但是他们说辐射量很小，不足以引起担心。
随着手机安全性讨论的继续，似乎最好的办法是不那么经常使用手机。需要打长时间的电话时，使用你的座机。仅在你真的需要使用手机的时候再用。手机很有用，也很方便，尤其是在紧急情况下。未来，手机可能会有一个警告标志，提醒你手机有害健康。因此现在明智的做法是不要经常使用手机。
第二篇 The Book of Life
So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species（物种）, and that?s just a small part of what probably exists on Earth. With so many plants, animals, and other creatures covering the planet, it can be tough to figure out what type of spider is moving up your leg or what kind of bird is flying by.
A soon-to-be-launched Web site might help. An international team of researchers has announced the creation of a Web-based Encyclopedia（百科全书）of Life（EoL）. The project aims to catalog every species on Earth in a single, easy-to-use reference guide.
To get the encyclopedia started, the creators will use information from scientific databases（数据库）that already exist. And eventually, in special sections of the site, non-scientists with specialized（专门的）knowledge will get to join in. Bird-watchers, for example, will be able to input which birds they?ve seen and where. The technology for this kind of tool has only recently become available.
As the EoL develops, you might find it useful for school projects. The site will feature special pages for kids who are studying ecosystems（生态系统）in their neighborhoods. To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate, scientists will review much of the information added to it. People who visit the site will be able to choose to leave out pages that haven?t been reviewed.
Another convenient feature of the EoL is that you?ll be able to pick the level of detail you see to match your interests, age, and current knowledge. If you wanted to learn about bears for a science class report, for example, you could use the “novice” setting to get basic information about the animals. On the “expert” setting, on the other hand, you could get much more detailed information about the history, literature, and exploration of bears.