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高中英语完形填空解题技巧与指导总结
一． 阅读技能与试题设计
2003年颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》明确提出“高中阶段要着重提高学生用英语获取信息和处理信息，分析问题和解决问题的能力”，这就要求学生要不断地提高相应的阅读技能。新课标规定的阅读技能测试要点如下：
1． 理解主旨大意； 2． 寻读具体信息； 3． 理解细节；
4． 根据上下文提供语境推测生词词义，进而加深对文段的理解； 5． 简单的判断和推理； 6． 理解文段的基本逻辑结构； 7． 理解作者的意图和态度； 8． 理解文段的文化信息。
测试方式共有11种，而其中的完形填空也是历届高考必有的题型之一，所占分值比例较大，并且由于在试卷中所处的位置较前，因此如何能在短时间内更好的完成这类试题对考生的影响较大：完形填空做得好，则考生对后面的试题就越有信心。
二． NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空
NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空所给的短文是以作者的父亲给他童年生活带来的爱与欢乐而展开的回忆与联想。试题原文如下：
In the depths of my memory, many things I did with my father still live. These things come to represent, in fact, what I call __21__and love.
I don’t remember my father ever getting into a swimming tool. But he did __22__the water. Any kind of __23__ride seemed to give him pleasure. __24__he loved to fish; sometimes he took me along. But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did. I liked being __25__the water, moving through it, __26__it all around me. I was not a strong __27__, or one who learned to swim early, for I had my __28__. But I loved being in the swimming pool close to my father’s office and __29__those summer days with my father, who __30__ come by on a break. I needed him to see what I could do. My father would stand there in his suit, the __31__person not in swimsuit.
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After swimming, I would go __32__ his office and sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk, where he let me __33__anything I found in his top desk drawer. Sometimes, if I was left alone at his desk __34__ he worked in the lab, an assistant or a student might come in and tell me perhaps I shouldn’t be playing with his _35__. But my father always __36__and said easily, “Oh, no, it’s __37__.” Sometimes he handed me coins and told me to get __38__ an ice cream…
A poet once said, “We look at life once, in childhood,; the rest is __39__.” And I think it is not only what we “look at once, in childhood” that determines our memories, but __40__, in that childhood, look at us. 21．A. desire B. joy C. anger D. worry 22．A. avoid B. refuse C. praise D. love 23．A. boat B. bus C. train D. bike 24．A. But B. Then C. And D. Still 25．A. on B. off C. by D. in
26．A. having B. leaving C. making D. getting 27．A. swimmer B. rider C. walker D. runner 28．A. hopes B. faiths C. rights D. fears 29．A. spending B. saving C. wasting D. ruining 30．A. should B. would C. had to D. ought to 31．A. next B. only C. other D. last 32．A. away from B. out of C. by D. inside
33．A. put up B. break down C. play with D. work out 34．A. the moment B. the first time C. while D. before
35．A. fishing net B. office things C. wooden chair D. lab equipment 36．A. stood up B. set out C. showed up D. turned out 37．A. fine B. strange C. terrible D. funny
38．A. the student B. the assistant C. myself D. himself 39．A. memory B. wealth C. experience D. practice
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40．A. which B. who C. what D. whose
相对于科技类文章而言，这篇叙述性的完形填空是比较简单的，但由于考查的内容除对文章主旨的理解外还涉及到细节的判断和推理，这正是这类题型的难度所在之处。
三． 完形填空解题技巧
现以NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空为例，笔者愿与大家一起探讨从中发现的一些解题技巧。
（一）前后呼应法
做完形填空时，要始终抓住文章本身，联系“双语境”来判断，既大语境——全文中心和基调，小语境——空格前后句子所构成的语境；再根据前有伏笔后有呼应的思路来做题。如：
第21题 B，根据后面作者所回忆的事情来判断，他的父亲带给他的应是爱与欢乐，所以选B:joy ，而其他选项都没有给出相应的事情来呼应。
第22题 D, 由这一段的最后一句“he loved to fish;”及第三段的第一句“But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did.”可知父亲喜欢水及一些水上活动。因此第23题也就能很快找到正确答案是A: boat。
第30题 B，由后面两句可得知父亲会在休息时过来看“我”，特别后面提到“My father would stand there in his suit, ” 同样这儿用would更合理。
第32题 D，这一段是讲作者在游泳后到他父亲的办公室里玩耍。与后面的“sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk”相呼应。
第33题 C，与35题所在的句子“--- perhaps I shouldn’t be playing with his _35__.”相呼应，因此35题的答案也能从33题“--- where he let me __33__anything I found in his top desk drawer.”中推断出是C。
第38题 C，由文章大意可知道父亲应是十分爱“我”的，所以有时还会给“我”钱买冰淇淋吃。这是与文章的大语境相呼应的。
第39题 A，作者认为不仅是我们童年所看到的事物决定了我们的记忆，而且还包括那时关爱我们的人。所以诗人所说的“the rest”就应该是memory与下一句的“determines our memories”相呼应。
（二）But 转折法
在完形填空题中，but 一词前后通常会设题。文中一出现but，应该马上想到前后语意有转折，只要知道其中一方的语意，就可以推出另一方的意思，所以在做题时，遇到类似but的词，如：however, nevertheless, whereas, yet等，也可以同样处理，以便于从文中找到解题的依据。仍旧以NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空为例：
第25题 D，由这一段的第一句“But I never really liked being on the water, he way my father did”.及后面的“moving through it,”可知“I liked being in the water.”
第37题 A, 当父亲的学生或助手认为“我”不应该玩他办公室里的东西时，父亲却总是轻松地表示没有关系。所以第37题答案很明显是A : fine。
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