目 录
第一章 绪论 .............................................................................................................................. - 1 -
1.1太阳能及其光伏产业 .................................................................................................. - 1 - 1.2太阳能光伏发电的发展史 .......................................................................................... - 1 - 1.3光伏发电并网逆变器研究的目的 .............................................................................. - 2 - 1.4光伏发电并网逆变器研究的意义 .............................................................................. - 2 - 第二章 光伏发电并网逆变控制器系统的理论分析 ............................................................ - 3 -
2.2逆变器的电路原理 ...................................................................................................... - 4 -
2.2.1 逆变器的电路原理 .......................................................................................... - 4 - 2.2.2 逆变器的逆变传统技术 ................................................................................ - 5 -
2.2.3 逆变器的SPWM控制技术 ............................................................................ - 7 - 2.3 并网逆变 ..................................................................................................................... - 7 -
2.3.1电路结构 ........................................................................................................... - 7 - 2.3.2 系统的总体方案 .............................................................................................. - 7 - 2.3.3 前级电路的工作原理 ...................................................................................... - 8 - 2.3.4主电路中参数的选取 ....................................................................................... - 9 - 2.3.5光伏系统最大功率跟踪的方法 ..................................................................... - 10 - 2.3.6 逆变器驱动电路 .............................................................................................- 11 -
第三章 硬件电路的设计 ...................................................................................................... - 12 -
3.1直流侧欠电压检测电路 ............................................................................................ - 12 - 3.2直流侧过电压检测电路 ............................................................................................ - 12 - 3.2直流侧过电压检测电路 ............................................................................................ - 13 - 第四章 系统软件设计 ............................................................................................................ - 14 -
4.1 软件设计的目的 ....................................................................................................... - 14 - 4.2 基于AT89C51的系统软件设计 ............................................................................. - 14 - 4.3 系统的主程序流程图 ............................................................................................... - 14 - 4.4 市电检测和光伏发电系统投切程序设计 ............................................................... - 15 - 4.5 逆变电路控制程序设计 ........................................................................................... - 16 - 4.6 中断与键盘子程序的设计 ....................................................................................... - 17 - 结论 .......................................................................................................................................... - 19 - 参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. - 20 - 致谢 .......................................................................................................................................... - 21 - 附 录 ........................................................................................................................................ - 22 -
光伏并网发电逆变控制器的设计
摘 要
恶化的环境和世界传统能源的枯竭，促进了新能源的研究和发展。太阳能资源具有可持续发展的特点受到了很多国家的重视，为了发挥太阳能的作用，刺激太阳能产业的发展，许多国家出台了新能源法。其中，太阳能发电有深刻的理论意义和现实意义，仅在过去五年，数千兆瓦的太阳能并网电站得以安装。光伏并网逆变器、光伏阵列和太阳能电池是整个光伏并网发电系统的核心。
本文根据光伏发电阵列和逆变器结构特点，提出了依赖于DC-DC与DC-AC两级并网逆变器结构。由于DC-DC和DC-AC电路的相互具有独立的特性，分别分析了DC-DC和DC-AC，其中，重点分析的是DC-AC的工作原理。本文的重点是对并网逆变控制器进行设计，包括有逆变器的驱动电路设计、逆变器驱动电路的软件编程以及并网过程中直流侧欠电压、直流侧过电压、交流侧电流等硬件电路的设计。此外，该设计对主电路元件的参数的选择、系统的最大功率跟踪方法进行了详细的分析。 关键词 光伏并网；逆变器；太阳能；最大功率点跟踪
PV grid power inverter controller design
Abstract
Deteriorating world environment and traditional energy depletion, prompted the development of new energy and development.Sustainable development of solar energy resources by the national attention, countries have introduced new energy law play a role in fueling the development of solar energy.Among them, grid-connected PV has profound theoretical and practical significance, in the past five years alone, the photovoltaic power station installed total has reached thousands of MW. Connected PV array and grid photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is the key to the entire grid-connected PV system.
Based on the inverter structure and array of photovoltaic power generation characteristics, based on the structure of the DC-DC and DC-AC two grid inverter.Based on the relative independence of the DC-DC and DC-AC circuits, respectively, on the DC-DC and DC-AC analysis, the focus of the working principle of the DC-AC.The grid inverter controller design is the focus of this article, DC inverter driver circuit design, software programming of the inverter driver circuit and grid side under voltage DC side voltage AC side current hardware circuit design.The selection of the main circuit component parameters, the system's maximum power point tracking method to do a detailed analysis.
Keyword Photovoltaic grid；Inverter；Solar；Maximum Power Point Tracking
插图清单
图2-1 系统总拓扑图 ............................................................................................................. - 4 - 图2-2 单相桥式逆变电路 ..................................................................................................... - 5 - 图2-3 电压型三相桥式逆变电路 ......................................................................................... - 5 - 图2-4 UUN'、UVN'、UWN'的波形 ......................................................................................... - 6 - 图2-5 UNN'和UUN'的波形图 ................................................................................................. - 6 - 图2-6 波形不同冲量相同的窄脉冲 ..................................................................................... - 7 - 图2-7 冲量相同的各种窄脉冲的响应波形 ......................................................................... - 7 - 图2-8 Boost电路的工作原理图 .......................................................................................... - 8 - 图2-9 扰动观测法的流程图 ................................................................................................- 11 -
图3-1 直流侧欠电压检测电路 ........................................................................................... - 12 - 图3-2 直流侧过电压检测电路 ........................................................................................... - 13 - 图3-3 交流侧过电流检测电路 ........................................................................................... - 13 -
图4-1 主程序流程图 ........................................................................................................... - 15 - 图4-2 市电检测和供电切换软件流程图 ........................................................................... - 16 - 图4-3 PWM脉冲生成程序流程图 ........................................................................................ - 17 - 图4-4 中断程序流程图 ....................................................................................................... - 18 - 图4-5 键盘子程序流程图 ................................................................................................... - 18 -
表格清单
表1-1 光伏发电的历史 ......................................................................................................... - 2 -