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第四讲 动词时态和语态
建议用时：20分钟
Part Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．[2018·山东济宁模拟]Long ago Hongbao ________ (see) as a means of protecting children from evil spirits.
答案：was seen 根据Long ago这一时间状语可知，此处应用一般过去时，而且see与Hongbao之间为被动关系，主语为单数，故填was seen。
2．[2017·山西太原期末]The reason for this is that Britain's supermarkets ________ (experience) huge changes in the past decade.
答案：have experienced 根据时间状语in the past decade可知，该句应用现在完成时，主语为复数，且和experience之间为主动关系，故填have experienced。
3．[2018·安徽合肥质检]—You look so tired and pale. Anything wrong? —I hate to complain, but a new road ________ (build) throughout the night. 答案：is being built 根据语境可知是现在的时间，整晚在修路，且road与build之间为被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being built。
4．[2017·安徽安庆一中模拟]—I'd like a bike which ________ (ride) well. —Will this one do?
答案：rides 定语从句中的时态与主句时态一致，且根据语境可知，从句讲述的是自行车的特性，应用一般现在时且用主动形式表被动含义。故填rides。
5．[2017·浙江杭州二中调研]At that point I didn't feel anything; adrenaline (肾上腺素)________ (take) over.
答案：had taken 根据前面的句子中的谓语时态是didn't feel, 属于一般过去时。结合语境，take over表示的动作发生在didn't feel之前，故填had taken。
6．[2018·蚌埠二中联考]English________(change) and developed when cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries.
答案：has changed 根据语境和时间状语over the past centuries可知，谓语动词应用现在完成时，主语是单数，故填has changed。
7．[2018·福建三校联考]He ________ (work) around the clock since June, when the first Ebola case appeared in this agricultural country.
答案：has been working 根据时间状语since June可确定使用现在完成时，另由around the clock可知，他从未停止过工作，应用现在完成进行时。故填has been working。
8．[2017·湖南长沙一中二模]It was 5 o'clock in the afternoon, and my schoolmate Chris________(show) up at the front door in his suit and tie.
答案：showed 此处叙述过去发生的事情， 5 o'clock in the afternoon是明确的过去时的时间状语，应用一般过去时，故填showed。
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9．[2017·太原五中模拟]The frog, still tied to the leg of the mouse, was also carried off as a prisoner, and it________(eat) by the hawk.
答案：was eaten and后是与前面句子并列的分句，故设空处为谓语成分，it与eat之间是被动关系，且讲述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was eaten。
10．[2017·浙江金华艾青中学质检]It is the third time so far that such a meeting ________ (hold) in my hometown.
答案：has been held 在“It is the＋序数词＋time＋that从句”结构中，that从句的谓语动词一般用现在完成时，且此处主语与动词hold之间为被动关系，故填has been held。
Part Ⅱ.单句改错
1．[2018·安徽淮南模拟]However, with the world population increasing rapidly, overfishing had become a serious problem.
________________________________________________________
答案：had→has 根据语境可知，此处讲的是世界人口增长带来的影响——过度捕捞已成为一个严重问题，应用现在完成时，故将had改为has。
2．[2017·浙江杭州二中模拟]When I got to the hospital, I had told the nurses to put me to sleep because of the pain.
________________________________________________________
答案：去掉had 由got to可知，从句为一般过去时，而主句中的told和got接连发生，而不是发生在got to之前，因此去掉had。
3．[2017·云南师范大学附中调研]Casita Verde was considered an experiential eco-education center, and showcases the best practices for sustainable living and alternative energies.
________________________________________________________
答案：was→is and连接两个并列谓语was considered和showcases，且此处是对一个地点的客观描述，应用一般现在时，故将was改为is。
4．[2018·宁夏银川一中模拟]Since 2010, Washed Ashore volunteers collected 38,000 pounds of plastic trash from more than 3,000 miles of beaches.
________________________________________________________
答案：在collected前面加have 根据句子中的since 2010可知，主句使用现在完成时，因此在collected前面加上have。
5．[2017·山西临汾模拟]A tiny gratefulness can give us a lasting positive mood, which required our consciousness and gratefulness.
________________________________________________________
答案：required→requires 句子描述一般性事实，主句谓语can give us属于一般现在时，因此定语从句中的时态和主句保持一致，故将required改为requires。
Part Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
[2018·福建黄冈月考]When he was a little boy, Christopher Cookerell once watched his mother turn the wheel of her sewing machine with her hand.
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“Wouldn't it work quickly if a machine __1__ (turn) the wheel for you？” he asked. “I suppose it would，” said his mother, __2__ paying him any attention.
Christopher knew she always __3__ (have) a lot of work, and he wanted to help her. Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father __4__ (buy) him as a gift. “I will make better use of it，” little Christopher said to himself. So, when his mother __5__ (not use) her sewing machine, he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it. When the job __6__ (finish), he was quite pleased, thinking his mother __7__ (like) it.
“Very clever，” his mother said when she saw it. Then she sat down and went on __8__ (turn) the wheel by hand. “I __9__ (work) like this for too many years，” she explained.
This taught Christopher Cookerell the lesson that anyone who tries to improve anything __10__ (have) to learn：many people don't like new ideas.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，通过Christopher Cookerell帮助他母亲改善缝纫机一事，让他学到的人生教训是：新的创意总是不被多数人所接受。
1．turned 考查虚拟语气。分析句子成分可知，条件状语从句中缺谓语动词。此处表示对现在情况的假设，故谓语动词应用过去式表虚拟。
2．without 考查介词。句意：母亲没太在意他，说：“我认为是这样的。” 3．had 考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知，宾语从句中缺谓语动词。根据语境及主句谓语动词的时态可知，此处用一般过去时。
4．had bought 考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可判断，定语从句中缺谓语动词。根据语境可知，buy所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，所以用过去完成时。
5．wasn't using 考查动词的时态。此处表示在母亲不使用缝纫机时，他把玩具蒸汽机固定在缝纫机上，故用过去进行时。
6．was finished 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子成分可知，时间状语从句中缺谓语动词。由于主语the job和动词finish之间为被动关系，且叙述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
7．would like 考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知，宾语从句中缺谓语动词，表示“将会喜欢”。根据句子谓语动词的时态可知，应用过去将来时。
8．turning 考查固定搭配。go on doing sth. “继续做某事”。
9．have been working 考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知，此处缺谓语动词。句意“我这么多年来一直都是这样做的(指用手转动轮子)”，表示从过去某时开始到现在一直发生的动作或存在的状态，故用现在完成进行时。
10．has 考查主谓一致及动词的时态。分析句子成分可知，that引导的同位语从句中缺谓语动词，主语是anyone，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。由who tries to ... 及many people don't like ... 可知，此处应该用一般现在时。
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