SALE OF GOODS ACT 1979 [England]
英国货物买卖法 1. [Omitted]
（第一编本法所适用之合同已省略） 2. Contract of sale买卖合同
(1) A contract of sale of goods is a contract by which the seller transfers or agrees to transfer the property in goods to the buyer for a money consideration, called the price.
买卖合同是买方提供货币约因或称为价格，而卖方转移或同意转移货物所有权的一种合同。
(2) There may be a contract of sale between one part owner and another. 买卖合同的双方可以是财产的部分所有人与另一部分所有人。
(3) A contract of sale may be absolute or conditional. 买卖合同分无条件买卖合同与附条件买卖合同。
(4) Where under a contract of sale the property in the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer the contract is called a sale.
买卖合同中，货物所有权从卖方转移至买方，这样的合同称为买卖协议。
(5) Where under a contract of sale the transfer of the property in the goods is to take place at a future time or subject to some condition later to be fulfilled the contract is called an agreement to sell.
买卖合同中，如果货物所有权的转移在将来的某个时间发生、或在以后须附有某种条件才可以完成，则这样的合同称为出售协定。
(6) An agreement to sell becomes a sale when the time elapses or the conditions are fulfilled subject to which the property in the goods is to be transferred.
当规定的时间已经消逝或附加的条件成就时，且在货物所有权即时转移的情形下，出售协定转变为买卖协议。
3. Capacity to buy and sell买卖能力
(1) Capacity to buy and sell is regulated by the general law concerning capacity to contract and to transfer and acquire property.
买卖能力以有关订立合同的能力以及转移或取得所有权的能力之一般规定为准。
(2) Where necessaries are sold and delivered to a minor or a person who by reason of mental incapacity or drunkenness is incompetent to contract, he must pay a reasonable price for them.
将必需品出售并交付给未成年人、智力残疾或醉酒而不能胜任订立合同之人，买方须支付合理的价格。
(3) In subsection (2) above ‘necessaries’ means goods suitable to the condition in life of the minor or other person concerned and to his actual requirements at the time of the sale and delivery.
Formalities of Contract 上述第（2）款中“必需品”指适用于未成年人或其他有关人员日常生活条件的货物，以及在出售及交付时上述人员实际需要的东西。
4. How contract of sale is made买卖合同如何达成
(1) Subject to this and any other Act, a contract of sale may be made in writing (either with or without seal), or by word of mouth, or partly in writing and partly by word of mouth, or may be implied from the conduct of the parties.
依据本法及其他任何法律，买卖合同的形式可依书面形式（需不需要签章均可），也可依口头形式，或部分书面形式部分口头形式，也可从当事人的行为中推断。
(2) Nothing in this section affects the law relating to corporations 本条中的任何规定与有关法人的法律均无关系。 5. Existing or future goods现货或期货
(1) The goods which form the subject of a contract of sale may be either existing goods, owned or possessed by the seller, or goods to be manufactured or acquired by him after the making of the contract of sale, in this Act called future goods.
成为买卖合同标的的货物既可以是卖方所有或持有的现货，也可是买卖合同达成后卖方生产或取得的货物，本法称之为期货。
(2) There may be a contract for the sale of goods the acquisition of which by the seller depends on a contingency which may or may not happen.
期货买卖合同的卖方能否取得货物，取决于特定的事件是否发生。
(3) Where by a contract of sale the seller purports to effect a present sale of future goods, the contract operates as an agreement to sell the goods.
依照买卖合同，如果卖方意在实现期货的当前买卖，该合同仍按照货物出售协定实行。
6. Goods which have perished已灭失物
Where there is a contract for the sale of specific goods, and the goods without the knowledge of the seller have perished at the time when the contract is made, the contract is void.
特定物买卖合同中，如在合同订立时卖方并不知道该货物已经灭失，则该合同无效。
7. Goods perishing before sale but after agreement to sell 出售协定达成后、买卖协议订立前灭失的货物
Where there is an agreement to sell specific goods and subsequently the goods, without any fault on the part of the seller or buyer perish before the risk passes to the buyer, the agreement is avoided.
已有特定物出售协定，但如果特定物随后在其风险尚未被移转至买方之前灭失，且买卖双方又均无过错的，协议无效。
The Price价格
8. Ascertainment of price价格的确定
(1) The price in a contract of sale may be fixed by the contract, or may be left to be fixed in a manner agreed by the contract, or may be determined by the course of dealing between the parties.
买卖合同中的价格可由合同确定，也可留给合同所认同的其他方式确定，或者还可以由双方当事人在交易过程中来确定。
(2) Where the price is not determined as mentioned in sub-section (1) above the buyer must pay a reasonable price.
如果价格并未依上述第(1)款得到确定，则买方必须支付合理的价格。
(3) What is a reasonable price is a question of fact dependent on the circumstances of each particular case.
合理价格是依特定案件中的具体情况而定的一个事实问题。
9. Agreement to sell at valuation以估价方式出售的协议
(1) Where there is an agreement to sell goods on the terms that the price is to be fixed by the valuation of a third party, and he cannot or does not make the valuation, the agreement is avoided; but if the goods or any part of them have been delivered to and appropriated by the buyer he must pay a reasonable price for them.
当出售货物的协定中约定价格依第三方估价确定，而第三方不能或作不出估价时，该协议无效；但是如果全部货物或一部分货物已交付给买方并被买方占用时，买方必须为这些货物支付合理的价格。
(2) Where the third party is prevented from making the valuation by the fault of the seller or buyer, the party not at fault may maintain an action for damages against the party at fault. 当第三方由于买方或卖方的过错而被阻止不能做出估价时，无过错方可提出诉讼向有过错方主张损害赔偿。
Conditions and warranties默示条款等
10. Stipulations about time关于时间的规定
(1) Unless a different intention appears from the terms of the contract, stipulations as to time of payment are not of the essence of a contract of sale.
付款时间的规定不构成买卖合同的要件，除非合同条款中表示了相反的意思。
(2) Whether any other stipulation as to time is or is not of the essence of the contract depends on the terms of the contract.
（除付款时间规定外的）其它时间规定是否构成合同的要件，取决于合同的条款。
(3) In a contract of sale “month” prima facie means calendar month.
买卖合同中的“月”按表面意思为日历中的一个月。
11. When condition to be treated as warranty条件条款被视为担保条款
(1) Subsections (2) to (4) and (7) below do not apply to Scotland and subsection (5) below applies only to Scotland.
本条规定不适用于苏格兰。
(2) Where a contract of sale is subject to a condition to be fulfilled by the seller the buyer may waive the condition, or may elect to treat the breach of the condition as a breach of warranty and not as a ground for treating the contract as repudiated.
在买卖合同从属于卖方成就某一合同条件时，买方可以放弃这一合同条件，也可决定将违反合同条件条款视为违反合同担保条款，而不将之视为拒绝履行合同义务的理由。
(3) Whether a stipulation in a contract of sale is a condition, the breach of which may give rise to a right to treat the contract as repudiated, or a warranty, the breach of which may give rise to a claim for damages but not a right to reject the goods and treat the contract as repudiated, depends in each case on the construction of the contract; and a stipulation may be a condition, although called a warranty in the contract.
无论买卖合同的规定是条件条款（违之将导致拒绝履行合同），还是担保条款（违之将导致向对方主张损害赔偿，但无权拒收货物，并视对方拒绝履行合同义务），在具体案例中要根据对合同的解释做出判断是条件条款还是担保条款；某一规定可能是条件条款，尽管它在合同中被称作担保条款。
(4) Where a contract of sale is not severable and the buyer has accepted the goods or part of them, the breach of a condition to be fulfilled by the seller can only be treated as a breach of warranty, and not as a ground for rejecting the goods and treating the contract as repudiated, unless there is an express or implied term of the contract to that effect.
依下列35A条不可分开的买卖合同，如果买方已经接受全部或部分货物，卖方违反应由其成就的条件条款只能被视为违反了担保条款，不得将之作为拒绝货物的理由而否认合同有效，除非另有明示或默示的合同条款对此做出了规定。
(5) In Scotland, failure by the seller to perform any material part of a contract of sale is a breach of contract, which entitles the buyer either within a reasonable time after delivery to reject the goods and treat the contract as repudiated, or to retain the goods and treat the failure to perform such material part as a breach which may give rise to a claim for compensation or damages.
(6) Nothing in this section affects a condition or warranty whose fulfilment is excused by law by reason of impossibility or otherwise.
本条中任何规定不影响法律免除的、由于合同的履行不能或其它原因所导致的条件条款或担保条款的成就不能。
12. Implied terms about title, etc. 所有权默示条款等
(1) In a contract of sale, other than one to which subsection (3) below applies, there is an implied condition on the part of the seller that in the case of a sale he has the right to sell the
goods, and in the case of an agreement to sell he will have such a right at the time when the property is to pass.
在买卖合同中，除下面第（3）款适用的一种合同之外，货物交易时的卖方承担一项默示条款，卖方须拥有销售货物的权利，同样，在出售协定中，卖方在所有权转让时须拥有（出售货物）这项权利。
(2) In a contract of sale, other than one to which subsection (3) below applies, there is also an implied warranty that-
在买卖合同中，除下面第（3）款适用的一种合同之外，还包含一项默示条款
(a) the goods are free, and will remain free until the time when the property is to pass, from any charge or encumbrance not disclosed or known to the buyer before the contract is made, and
货物在直到所有权转移之前，不应设定且一直不应设定任何在订约前未向买方披露或买方不知情的担保或负担。
(b) the buyer will enjoy quiet possession of the goods except so far as it may be disturbed by the owner or other person entitled to the benefit of any charge or encumbrance so disclosed or known.
买方应能安稳地占有货物，除非受到所有人或其他已披露或已知的任何担保或负担权益人妨碍。
(3) This subsection applies to a contract of sale in the case of which there appears from the contract or is to be inferred from its circumstances an intention that the seller should transfer only such title as he or a third person may have.
本款适用于从合同能够看出、或根据合同的情况可以推断出——卖方会只转移他或第三人拥有的所有权这一意思的买卖合同。
(4) In a contract to which subsection (3) above applies there is an implied warranty that all charges or encumbrances known to the seller and not known to the buyer have been disclosed to the buyer before the contract is made.
上述第（3）款所适用的合同中，有这样的一项默示条款，即所有人知晓的而不为买方所知的全部担保或负担在合同订立之前已经披露给了买方。
(5) In a contract to which subsection (3) above applies there is also an implied warranty that none of the following will disturb the buyer’s quiet possession of the goods, namely-
上述第（3）款所适用的合同中，还有这样的一项默示条款，即下列三者均不会妨碍买方安稳地占有货物，这三者是：
(a) the seller卖方；
(b) in a case where the parties to the contract intend that the seller should transfer only such title as a third person may have, that person
合同的当事人认为卖方应当只转移第三人应拥有的所有权，这时的第三人。