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中美司法制度对比
篇一：中美司法法律制度比较
acomparisonofJudicatureandlegalSystembetweenchinaandUS
chinaandtheUnitedStatesaretwomainpowerfulcountiesineconomicandmilitaryfieldsintheworld.nevertheless,inthepoliticalsystemandsocialandculturalaspects,therearemanycrucialdifferencesbetweenthem.Thesedifferencesaretooexcessivetoo
tremendousandtoodeep-going,asaresult,thetwocountiesdivergemarkedlywhenitcomestoalmosteveryinternationalaffair.wedon
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thavethatwisdomandstrengthofresearchingandprobingthosedifferences.Thatbeingso,let’sgiveitaheadstartinthejudicialsystemandlaw. Judicialsystem
JudicialsystemofUSistotallydifferentfromours.Firstly,america
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sjudiciaryisonebranchofthatthreebranches—thelegislativebranch,theexecutivebranchandthejudicialbranch.Thosethree branchesdividenationalgovernment
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spowerintothree.Thisdivisionofauthorityisknownasasystemofchecksand balancesestablishedbytheconstitution,whichismeanttopreventanyofthethreebranchesfromhavingtoomuchpower.Eachbranchhascertaincontrolsovertheotherbranches.Eachbranchcanlimittheotherbranchesfromgainingtoomuch
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power.inotherwords,eachbranchofthethreebranchesisequaltoeachother.it’simpossibletoletonebedominatedbyanother.Socourtsinamericadon
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tcareaboutwhattheadministratorsthink.Theyjustmaketheverdictaccordingtotheconstitutionandlawandonthebasisofevidence.Butinchina,thecaseiscompletelydifferent.inversely,chinagovernmentpursuesthecentralizationpoliticalsystemratherthanthetripartitepoliticalsystemofchecksand balances.Judicialsysteminchinaisnota
partyofchecksandbalances,notatall.moreimportantly,inordertosegmentandweakenjudiciary’spower,statusand
weight,thejudicialsystemitselfhasbeendividedintomanybranches,mainlythecourtandProcuratorate.courtsinchinaisjustalittledepartmentinnationalpoliticalsystem,whichcanbecontrolledandimpactedbymanyothergovernment’sbranches,forexample,nationalPeople
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scongressStandingcommittee,officeofLegislativeaffairs,judicialbureauandLawcouncilofvariouslevelscPccommitteeandsoon.Tosomedegree,china’s judiciaryisjustamouthpiece.Lawsarejustreference.Leader
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swritteninstructionorcommentsarerealandpotentialcriterion.Sowecanseethatthestatusand
importanceofjudicialsysteminamericaarehigherandmoresignificantthanitinchina.what
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smore,america
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sjudicialsystemisindependentandself-governed,
butamightyandindependentjudicialsystemcan’tbefoundinchina.acase’
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saffirmationandverdicthavetobedirectedandinterferedbymanyindividualsandorganizationsinchina.Forinstance,ifagovernment
sleaderorofficialbreaksthelawandcommits,thejudicialdepartmentcan
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tacceptthelawsuitandenquirehimatonce,beforethecdic(commissionfordisciplineinspectionofthecPc)
investigatehisbehaviorandmakedecisionthatwhetherheshouldbepushedintothejudicialsystem.iftheoffenderisadepartmentalorhigherlevelcadre,reviewinghimhavetobeapprovedandratifiedbythecentralcommitteeofthecommunistPartyofchina.Thatistosay
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ifaleaderorofficialkilledhundredsofpeople,rapedhundredsmaidensandcorruptedhundredsmillions,thecourtscan
tdoanythingtohimbeforethecdicconfirmshisatrocitiesandcrimeseven thoughvictimshaveprosecutedhim
thousandstimes.Thusitcanbeseenthatinourcountry,thereexistsanorganizationwhichhasmuchmorepowerandmuchhigherstatusthananyotherorganizations.Beforeitsrules,thelawsarehumble,faintandimpotent.So,whydosomanyunjustandunequaleventstakeplacepervasivelyandconstantly?whydosomanyinnocentpersonshavebeenextortedconfessionsbymeansoftorture?whydothose
malfeasantsandnobleculpritscangetawayunpunishedbeyondthearmofthelawandconstitution.Thereasonisthatwehaven
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tacompletelyindependentandadequatelypowerfuljudicialsystemtorestricta