2020届高三英语专项练习专题八：七选五说明类专练
第I卷（选择题）（每题2分，共40分）
一．七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A（考点24中难）
The USA is a society formed by many different immigrant cultures that produced a new and mixed culture. Most Americans celebrate different customs which started in other countries and start several new traditions and cultures.①__________
②__________ They tend to live independently, and communicate directly, honestly and informally with their families, friends and colleagues.
Americans always keep advancing with the times. ③__________ In America, it is relatively common for both parents to work, and American women are equal partners in marriage.
In the USA, the most common family unit consists of the parents and children living under one roof. Most American children are taught to compete, through organized sports and education, as well as speak out their minds and have confidence to stand up for what they believe in.④__________ Many immigrant families also feature several generations living under one roof, with younger family members respecting the elders’ needs and valuing their opinions.
When people from different cultures get married and have children, they may have issues when it comes to maintaining their unique traditions and mixing shared customs at the same time. ⑤__________ However, with a little effort, children in these families can benefit from having both outlooks and traditions. Children who are raised bilingually can also benefit in future careers and learn to make decisions better than monolingual kids.
A.Many Americans find happy life is important.
B.They are also taught to respect their parents at all costs. C.It can be a challenge to find the perfect balance between cultures.
D.According to socialists, the American family culture has many unique aspects. E.American children refuse to follow their parents’ advice and always argue with them. F.Changing rather than sticking to tradition is considered by many Americans as improvement. G.The difference is easy to deal with if parents can meet halfway and stand in the other’s shoes.
B（考点24中难）
I still remember my first time going to the Chinese company's canteen. When I stepped onto the elevator, each one was full of people. ①___________ However, there was no sign of fire and people were laughing and talking. I followed the flow of the crowd to the doors of the canteen. It occurred to me that in China everyone has lunch almost at the same time. ②___________ The canteen followed this schedule, only being open a few hours per day.
When I stood in the doorway, I realized I had to act fast or I would be left behind. ③___________ Unlike my school lunchroom, here everyone lined up and took a tray, and instead of silverware there were chopsticks and soup spoons.
As I was pushed along the line, I saw dishes I didn't recognize and as people cut in line and picked up dishes left and right, ④___________ I ended up taking a pork and cucumber dish and a tofu salad. I have been at my company for over a year and a half. ⑤___________ I have learned what dishes I like, mostly by trial and error, and a lot of the workers know me and say hello to me.
I am still getting used to eating lunch at \keep me on track during the day. I wish there were something like this at offices in my hometown. A. I thought I had missed a fire drill.
B. There was no emergency; it was just lunchtime. C. I noticed things at lunchtime were a bit different. D. I felt that I needed to make some quick decisions. E. The canteen reminded me of my school lunchroom.
F. And now I am glad to say I am more confident in the canteen. G. I was not very familiar with the local food or restaurants in China.
C（考点24中难）
Earth is home to around 7,000 languages, around half of which are expected to disappear by2100. Languages disappear for many reasons. Sometimes younger generations stop leaming a language because parents want children to fit in. ①__________ Native American children of the late-19th century were required to attend boarding schools where educators forbade them from speaking their native languages.
The United Nations ranks endangered languages according to their risk level. For example, a \endangered\ language is one that even grandparents don ' t speak often. New York ' s Onondaga language is an example with only 50 speakers left. An \ language has no speakers. It is gone forever. Alaska ' s Eyak language is one example. ②__________
③__________ In the same way, different languages contribute to cultural diversity. Saving these
languages benefits our understanding of other cultures. Languages can show how a society looks at the world and what it values. A language may describe something in a
way that is funny , too. In Welsh , it rains not cats and dogs , but old wives and walking sticks.
The Endangered Language Alliance wants to save languages from disappearing. ④__________
However,its efforts are limited. If an endangered language is going to make a real comeback, it ' ll probably get its start in schools. For nearly 100 years, public schools in Hawaii did not teach the Hawaiian language. Now students can keep learning in Hawaiian from elementary schools to college and beyond.
⑤__________ At least one did. In 1881, a Jewish linguist named Eliezer Ben-Yehuda brought the 3 ,000-year-old language Hebrew back to life. Today it is one of the official languages of the country of Israel,with more than 4 million speakers. A. The last person who spoke it died in 2008. B. Why should we save endangered languages?
C. Various animals and plants benefit our environment. D. With just 5 speakers left,it is absolutely endangered. E. Can a language with zero native speakers come back to life? F. Sometimes societies force minorities to give up their language. G. The nonprofit group finds native speakers and records their stories.
D（考点24中难）
Long, long ago people couldn't write and they had no books. But they had stories. People learned the stories by heart and taught new ones to one another. Sometimes it was hard to remember them all. ①________
The ancient Egyptians wrote their stories on something made from papyrus (纸莎草）plants. People in other places learned to use papyrus from the Egyptians.②_______So parchment (羊皮纸)，made from goatskin， later took its place.
In ancient China, books looked a little different. At that time, people there used ink to write on bamboo or silk. And then they invented paper. Made of trees，paper was easier and cheaper to make than papyrus or parchment.③________Papermaking later spread to the West, but there was a big problem with these early books. Every single one had to be copied and written by hand.
④______They carved (雕刻）a page of word's into a piece of wood or stone. They could then print the page by spreading ink on the wood or stone and putting it against paper. But it wasn't until a German printer
invented movable, metal letters that books became fast and easy to make. The letters could be used to print copy after copy, and the letters put together again and again to print different pages of words.
⑤_______ Once a luxury (奢侈品）only the rich could buy. it soon became a treasure everyone could enjoy,
A.But papyrus grew mainly in Egypt.
B.It took years to finish making just one book. C.Finally books could be printed by the thousands. D.Things grew a little easier when writing was invented. E.Its surface was smoother and better for writing on too. F.Books in the West didn't change for a long time after that.
G.The Chinese were the first to think of a way to speed things up a little.
第II卷（非选择题）（每题1.5分，共60分）
语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （1）
Friendship is one of the most important things in everyone’s life.①__________is very difficult to find a better definition(定义) of friendship. A true friend is the person ②__________考点10 can share all our sadness and double all our happiness. In time of trial(尝试) , he or she is always at our side to give us his or her help and comfort.
Knowing how valuable friendship is, we should be very ③__________考点06 (care) with our choice of a friend. We should ④__________(choice) those people with a good character as our friends, but we must try to avoid ⑤__________考点08 (make) friends with a bad man. Besides, we should forgive their mistakes and try to help them as much ⑥__________ possible.
A true friend can always ⑦__________考点09 (trust), loved and respected. If you tell a friend your secrets, he or she will not tell others. Friends share their joys ⑧__________考点12 unhappiness. They help each other when they are ⑨__________考点03
trouble, and cheer each other up when they are sad. ⑩__________考点01 most important thing is that a friend always understands you. In conclusion, when you have made a good friend, don’t forget him or her. （2）
The British Museum, ①___________考点08 (locate) in the Bloomsbury area of London, is the first national public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture. Its permanent collection numbers some 8 million works, making it one of the largest in ②___________ 考点04 (exist). It has been ③___________ 考点06 (wide) sourced , documenting the story of human culture ④___________ 考点03 its beginnings to the present. As with all other national museums in ⑤___________ 考点01 United Kingdom, it charges no admission fee. Its ownership of some of its most famous objects ⑥___________ 考点10 originally came from other countries is controversial, particularly in the case of the Parthenon Marbles. Today the museum no longer houses ⑦___________考点04 (collection) of natural history,and the books and manuscripts(手稿) once it ⑧___________考点09 (hold) now form part of the independent British Library, ⑨___________ 考点12 it still keeps its universality in collections of artificial works ⑩___________考点08 (represent) the cultures of the world, ancient and modern. （3）
Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said ①__________ was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.
After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months ②__________ 考点06 (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We③__________考点09 (tell)that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week, ④__________ 考点12 for the week after. I didn't understand ⑤__________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged ⑥__________考点03 the reservation. What's worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was ⑦__________ 考点06 (surprise)helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on ⑧__________考点01 top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren't charged extra.
The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ⑨__________ 考点13 we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little⑩__________ 考点08 (sunburn),but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind. （4）
The British have many traditions but there is nothing more quintessential (典型的) than taking afternoon tea. We know the British have a love affair with drinking tea, ①__________考点03/08 more than 160 million cups drunk every day, but it was the invention of afternoon tea that turned tea-drinking into ②__________考点01 popular pastime.