学案(七) 言简意明的非谓
语动词
众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而作文中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。而恰当地运用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅显得句式多样、句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑、言简意明。
一、运用非谓语动词转换简单句
写作时，我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换，使其成为较高级的表达方式。转换时可采用“三步法”：
[示例]
第一步：写出两个简单句。
①I want to improve myself by reading some books. ②The books were written in the Tang Dynasty. 第二步：让句①作主句，用非谓语动词改写句②。
第三步：让句②作定语，由于其动词write与主语the books之间为被动关系，故用过去分词短语作定语。
I want to improve myself by reading some books written in the Tang Dynasty.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
其他几个转换的例子如下：
①Mount Tai stands in Shandong Province. It has long been a popular tourist attraction, with many Chinese legendary stories attached to it.
→Standing in Shandong Province, Mount Tai has long been a popular tourist attraction, with many Chinese legendary stories attached to it.(2017·北京高考书面表达)
②In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”． It aims to introduce American customs and the life of high school students. →In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”，aiming to introduce American customs and the life of high school students.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
[即时演练] 用非谓语动词进行句型转换
1．All the people here like the novel. It is written by Tom.
→All_the_people_here_like_the_novel_written_by_Tom.(用过去分词作定语) 2．The boy came to school late again. This made the teacher very angry. →The_boy’s_coming_to_school_late_again_made_the_teacher_very_angry.(用动名词作主语)
3．The students were making the most of time. They wanted to finish the work earlier.
→The_students_were_making_the_most_of_time_so_as_to_finish_the_work_earlier.(用动词不定式作目的状语)
二、运用非谓语动词转换复合句
用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一些，因为需转换的一般是从句部分，这时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词，并把握好动词的时态和语态即可，所以只需两步。
[示例]
第一步：写出复合句。
Since you have realized that your time is limited, you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.
第二步：把since引导的原因状语从句转换为非谓语动词，realize与you之间为主动关系，且表示完成，故用现在分词的完成式作状语。
Having realized that your time is limited, you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.(2014·安徽高考满分作文)
其他转换的例子如下：
Because I thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.
→Thinking that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.(2015·湖北高考短文写作)
[即时演练] 用非谓语动词进行句型转换
1．If it is carried out continuously, it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make obvious progress.
→Carried_out_continuously,_it_will_benefit_all_of_us_greatly_and_we_are_sure_to_make_obvious_progress.
2．When we are faced with difficulties, we need friends to give us comfort and help.
→Faced_with_difficulties,_we_need_friends_to_give_us_comfort_and_help. 3．When I know that our library is going to buy some books, I’d like to give some suggestions.
→Knowing_that_our_library_is_going_to_buy_some_books,_Id_like_to_give_some_suggestions.
4．After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.
→Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.
三、非谓语动词的常用句型
1．remain to be done “有待于被??”
Many questions have to be settled and much remains to be done in our educational work.
我们的教育工作中还有许多问题要解决，还有许多事情要去做。 2．疑问词＋to do
Last Tuesday, our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figurines.(2015·北京高考书面表达)
上周二，我们班邀请了一位老工匠来教我们怎样捏面人。 3．连词when/while/once/unless/although ...＋doing/done
While visiting the art exhibition, we discussed the great artists’ works. 当参观艺术展览时，我们讨论了伟大艺术家们的作品。 4．easy/difficult/hard ...to do ...
In some experts’ opinion, living conditions on the Mars are very hard to tolerate.
在一些专家看来，火星上的生活条件艰苦得难以忍受。
’