Module 4 Grammar 介词与介词短语
英语中介词是很重要的一类词汇，用法非常广泛，通常每个介词都有其特定的用法和意义，需要分别记忆，下面就初中阶段重点需要掌握的介词用法进行分类总结。
一、时间前介词。
1. 时间前常用介词in, on, at。通常在年、月、四季或morning, afternoon, evening 前要用介词________。在星期几、几号或单日节日前要用介词_______。在noon, night 或钟点时刻前要用介词_______。：
但需要注意的是：①当morning, afternoon, evening 前有形容词修饰，或指某一天的早晨、下午、晚上时用介词______。②next, this, last 等词修饰年、月、日、星期几时前面_______(加/不加)介词。
2. 一段时间前常加介词_________。而如果在一般将来时中表示“…时间之后”则用_______。 before, after 也可以用在时间前，但后面常加__________（时间点/时间段）。after 后面有时也加一段时间表示“…时间之后”，但是要用在_____________(一般过去时/一般将来时)中。
3. since 后面要加过去的_______（时间点/时间段）,表示“自从…到现在”，主句要用____________时态。
练习：用适当的介词填空 二、方位前介词。
在方位名词north, south, east, west, northeast, northwest… 等词之前常用介词in, on ,to。 通常指在某一地区之内则用_______， 在外部并且相邻则用________，在外部不相邻则用______。
例：Shanghai is __________ the east of China. Canada is _________ the north of America. England is _________ the west of France. 三、表位置的介词
1. over, above 和on 的区别。
On 表示“在…上面”且相互________(接触/不接触)。above和over 表示“在…上方”，_______指某物上任意一点，_______指垂直上方。above 的反义词是________。 Over 的反义词是_______。那么同样________是指下方任意一点，_______指垂直下方。Above 和below 还可以用来表示温度，如5oC可以说__________________。
练习：①The bird is flying _________ my head.
②He put his watch _________ the desk. ③There is a bridge _________ the river. 2. in front of 和 in the front of
____________表示外部的前面，______________表示内部的前面。
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练习：①There are some flowers ______________ the house
②There is a blackboard _______________ our classroom. 3. over, through, across
______表示从表面穿过，______表示从上空穿过，_______表示从内部穿过。 4. between 和 among
_______指在两者之间，________指在三者或三者以上之间。 5. at 和 in表示位置
一般大地点前用________，小地点前用_______, 但是要注意at/in +地点有时也表达处于某种状态之意。如at meeting 在开会，at work 在工作， at the desk 在办公/读书， in hospital 住院， in class 在课上。
三、其他一些需要区别的介词 1. with, in , by 表示用
_______表示使用有形的工具，其后名词一般要加冠词。 _______表示使用某种语言。
_______表示用某种方式或手段，其后名词前要用零冠词。 练习：① Could you answer my question _______ English?
② Now people can do lots of work _______ computers. ③ Lots of students study at home _______ internet today. 2. by, on , in 表示“乘…交通工具”
_______后直接加交通工具， _____ + 冠词/物主代词 + 交通工具，______后一般加a car。 3. but , besides 和 except 表示“除…之外”的区别。 _______常用在否定句中表示“除…之外没用/不…”。
_______表示“除…之外，还有…”， 它的意思是在原来的基础上加上除外的人或物。 _______表示“除…之外”， 指从整体中排除某人或物。 练习：1. Last night I did nothing ________ repair my farm tools. 2. We all went to visit the zoon _______ Li lei. 3. Li Lei also went to the park _______ you. 四、一些重点、多意的介词。 1. with
① He went to the cinema with his friend. ② His parents are very strict with him.
③ He cut the watermelon into small pieces with a knife.
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④ I saw an old man with grey hair.
通过观察以上例句可以发现with 有 ________ ________ _________ _________四个常见含义。
2. for，
① My father bought a new bike for me.
② These tickets are for tomorrow. ③ It’s difficult for him to pass the exam. ④ He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. ⑤ He was caught by policeman for stealing.
例句1中的for意思是_______， 例句2中的for表示“限定于”或“供…用”的意思。例句3中的for表示_______。例句4中的for 表示“去向…”，例句5中的for表示___________。
3. by
① There is a house by the river.
② People now can get information by internet. ③ By the end of last year, they had learned 2000 words. ④ I go by his office every day.
例句1中的by 意思是_____________，例句2中的by 表示_____________, 例句3中的by 表示______________，例句4中的by表示 “从…旁经过”的意思。
五、除上面所提到的介词之外，我们还学习过一些其他的介词，请分别写出下列介词的意思。 about __________ against __________ along _________ around __________ as _________ behind _________ beside __________ beyond _________ during __________ from __________ like __________ near __________ of __________ off__________ outside ___________ inside ___________ past __________ till /until ___________ upon ___________ without ___________ 练习：用适当的介词填空
1. I have bought a book ________ Shakespeare. 2. Our team will play ________ theirs next week. 3. They are walking ________ the river. 4. They sat _________ the table talking the news. 5. He doesn't like people treat him _______ a child. 6. Are there any brooms ________ the door. 7. There's a book shop ________ our school.
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8. She didn't turn around and left until he went _______ her sight(视线). 9. _________ the holiday, we went to the south. 10. The twins are _________ their father. 11. The young man got _______ the train quickly. 12. They are waiting ________ the gate. 13. The time now is ten ________ two.
14. He didn't come back _________ eleven o'clock. 15. Once _______ a time, there was a family in the mountain. 16. We can't do it better _________ your help.
六、在英语中除了单个的介词以外，还有一些比较复杂的介词词组，请分别写出下列介词词组的汉语意思。
(双词介词)
according to ______________ next to ______________ along with _______________ out of ______________ as for ______________ because of _________________ thanks to ________________ except for _______________ instead of ______________ up to 最多… (三词介词)
in addition to _____________ as far as _____________ as well as _____________ in front of ______________ as long as 只要… as many as 多达 ____________ 练习：用适当的介词短语填空
1. I wont give up _____________ I am living. 2. This hall can hold _____________ 1000 people. 3. Fill in the form _____________ the instructions. 4. Do you mind if I sit ____________ you.
5. I will go camping ____________ classmates this summer. 6. He came _________ the car and went to the gate.
7. The thief was caught by the police almost immediately.________ the stolen jewels, they were found in a dustbin.
8. Icame back _________ the rain.
9. ___________ your help, we were successful
10. His composition is excellent ___________ some grammatical mistakes.
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