2018年外研版初中英语九年级下册导学案全套

Module 4 Grammar 介词与介词短语

英语中介词是很重要的一类词汇,用法非常广泛,通常每个介词都有其特定的用法和意义,需要分别记忆,下面就初中阶段重点需要掌握的介词用法进行分类总结。

一、时间前介词。

1. 时间前常用介词in, on, at。通常在年、月、四季或morning, afternoon, evening 前要用介词________。在星期几、几号或单日节日前要用介词_______。在noon, night 或钟点时刻前要用介词_______。:

但需要注意的是:①当morning, afternoon, evening 前有形容词修饰,或指某一天的早晨、下午、晚上时用介词______。②next, this, last 等词修饰年、月、日、星期几时前面_______(加/不加)介词。

2. 一段时间前常加介词_________。而如果在一般将来时中表示“…时间之后”则用_______。 before, after 也可以用在时间前,但后面常加__________(时间点/时间段)。after 后面有时也加一段时间表示“…时间之后”,但是要用在_____________(一般过去时/一般将来时)中。

3. since 后面要加过去的_______(时间点/时间段),表示“自从…到现在”,主句要用____________时态。

练习:用适当的介词填空 二、方位前介词。

在方位名词north, south, east, west, northeast, northwest… 等词之前常用介词in, on ,to。 通常指在某一地区之内则用_______, 在外部并且相邻则用________,在外部不相邻则用______。

例:Shanghai is __________ the east of China. Canada is _________ the north of America. England is _________ the west of France. 三、表位置的介词

1. over, above 和on 的区别。

On 表示“在…上面”且相互________(接触/不接触)。above和over 表示“在…上方”,_______指某物上任意一点,_______指垂直上方。above 的反义词是________。 Over 的反义词是_______。那么同样________是指下方任意一点,_______指垂直下方。Above 和below 还可以用来表示温度,如5oC可以说__________________。

练习:①The bird is flying _________ my head.

②He put his watch _________ the desk. ③There is a bridge _________ the river. 2. in front of 和 in the front of

____________表示外部的前面,______________表示内部的前面。

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练习:①There are some flowers ______________ the house

②There is a blackboard _______________ our classroom. 3. over, through, across

______表示从表面穿过,______表示从上空穿过,_______表示从内部穿过。 4. between 和 among

_______指在两者之间,________指在三者或三者以上之间。 5. at 和 in表示位置

一般大地点前用________,小地点前用_______, 但是要注意at/in +地点有时也表达处于某种状态之意。如at meeting 在开会,at work 在工作, at the desk 在办公/读书, in hospital 住院, in class 在课上。

三、其他一些需要区别的介词 1. with, in , by 表示用

_______表示使用有形的工具,其后名词一般要加冠词。 _______表示使用某种语言。

_______表示用某种方式或手段,其后名词前要用零冠词。 练习:① Could you answer my question _______ English?

② Now people can do lots of work _______ computers. ③ Lots of students study at home _______ internet today. 2. by, on , in 表示“乘…交通工具”

_______后直接加交通工具, _____ + 冠词/物主代词 + 交通工具,______后一般加a car。 3. but , besides 和 except 表示“除…之外”的区别。 _______常用在否定句中表示“除…之外没用/不…”。

_______表示“除…之外,还有…”, 它的意思是在原来的基础上加上除外的人或物。 _______表示“除…之外”, 指从整体中排除某人或物。 练习:1. Last night I did nothing ________ repair my farm tools. 2. We all went to visit the zoon _______ Li lei. 3. Li Lei also went to the park _______ you. 四、一些重点、多意的介词。 1. with

① He went to the cinema with his friend. ② His parents are very strict with him.

③ He cut the watermelon into small pieces with a knife.

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④ I saw an old man with grey hair.

通过观察以上例句可以发现with 有 ________ ________ _________ _________四个常见含义。

2. for,

① My father bought a new bike for me.

② These tickets are for tomorrow. ③ It’s difficult for him to pass the exam. ④ He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. ⑤ He was caught by policeman for stealing.

例句1中的for意思是_______, 例句2中的for表示“限定于”或“供…用”的意思。例句3中的for表示_______。例句4中的for 表示“去向…”,例句5中的for表示___________。

3. by

① There is a house by the river.

② People now can get information by internet. ③ By the end of last year, they had learned 2000 words. ④ I go by his office every day.

例句1中的by 意思是_____________,例句2中的by 表示_____________, 例句3中的by 表示______________,例句4中的by表示 “从…旁经过”的意思。

五、除上面所提到的介词之外,我们还学习过一些其他的介词,请分别写出下列介词的意思。 about __________ against __________ along _________ around __________ as _________ behind _________ beside __________ beyond _________ during __________ from __________ like __________ near __________ of __________ off__________ outside ___________ inside ___________ past __________ till /until ___________ upon ___________ without ___________ 练习:用适当的介词填空

1. I have bought a book ________ Shakespeare. 2. Our team will play ________ theirs next week. 3. They are walking ________ the river. 4. They sat _________ the table talking the news. 5. He doesn't like people treat him _______ a child. 6. Are there any brooms ________ the door. 7. There's a book shop ________ our school.

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8. She didn't turn around and left until he went _______ her sight(视线). 9. _________ the holiday, we went to the south. 10. The twins are _________ their father. 11. The young man got _______ the train quickly. 12. They are waiting ________ the gate. 13. The time now is ten ________ two.

14. He didn't come back _________ eleven o'clock. 15. Once _______ a time, there was a family in the mountain. 16. We can't do it better _________ your help.

六、在英语中除了单个的介词以外,还有一些比较复杂的介词词组,请分别写出下列介词词组的汉语意思。

(双词介词)

according to ______________ next to ______________ along with _______________ out of ______________ as for ______________ because of _________________ thanks to ________________ except for _______________ instead of ______________ up to 最多… (三词介词)

in addition to _____________ as far as _____________ as well as _____________ in front of ______________ as long as 只要… as many as 多达 ____________ 练习:用适当的介词短语填空

1. I wont give up _____________ I am living. 2. This hall can hold _____________ 1000 people. 3. Fill in the form _____________ the instructions. 4. Do you mind if I sit ____________ you.

5. I will go camping ____________ classmates this summer. 6. He came _________ the car and went to the gate.

7. The thief was caught by the police almost immediately.________ the stolen jewels, they were found in a dustbin.

8. Icame back _________ the rain.

9. ___________ your help, we were successful

10. His composition is excellent ___________ some grammatical mistakes.

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